Table 3.
Univariable Cause‐Specific Cox Regression Analysis for EF Worsening
| Unadjusted HRs | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | P Value | |
| Age, y | 1.009 | 0.981 to 1.037 | 0.525 |
| SPB | 1.010 | 0.988 to 1.032 | 0.368 |
| NYHA III–IV | 2.374 | 0.716 to 7.873 | 0.158 |
| LBBB | 1.172 | 0.477 to 2.880 | 0.730 |
| LAESAI | 1.041 | 0.913 to 1.186 | 0.551 |
| LVEDVI | 0.995 | 0.976 to 1.013 | 0.563 |
| LVEF | 1.031 | 0.899 to 1.182 | 0.660 |
| Moderate–severe MR | 2.346 | 1.001 to 5.498 | 0.050 |
| Restrictive LV filling patterna | 4.814a | 1.662 to 13.947a | 0.004a |
| sPAP | 1.191 | 1.047 to 1.354 | 0.008 |
| RVD | 2.234 | 0.848 to 5.887 | 0.104 |
| LAESAI | 1.032 | 0.900 to 1.184 | 0.650 |
HR indicates hazard ratio; LAESAI, left atrial end‐systolic area indexed; LBBB, left bundle branch block; LV, left ventricular; LVEDVI, left ventricular end‐diastolic volume indexed; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MR, mitral regurgitation; NYHA, New York Heart Association; RVD, right ventricular dysfunction; SBP, systolic blood pressure; sPAP, systolic pulmonary artery pressure.
a
Stepwise Cox regression: starting from a list composed by moderate‐severe MR, sPAP, and a restrictive LV filling pattern; this latter remained the only significant parameter, with adjusted HR: 2.896; 95% CI, 1.726–15.216; P=0.003 (see Methods section, Statistical analysis subsection).