Figure 3.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) modifies the gut microbiota in Mexican adults. A, Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of normal weight (NW) subjects and subjects with MetS or class III obesity (OCIII)+MetS on the basis of the weighted UniFrac distances. The red squares represent samples of healthy subjects, blue triangles represent subjects with MetS, and orange circles represent subjects with OCIII+MetS. B, The α diversity by Shannon index in NW subjects indicates higher diversity in healthy subjects than subjects with OCIII+MetS. C and D, Taxonomic summary of the gut microbiota of NW subjects and subjects with MetS and OCIII+MetS at the phylum (C) and at the genus (D) levels. E, Serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in healthy subjects, subjects with MetS, and subjects with OCIII+MetS. F, Discriminative taxa at the species level in NW subjects and subjects with MetS and OCIII+MetS were determined using a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size. The green bar chart represents the species that were more abundant in MetS and OCIII+MetS subjects, and the red bar chart represents the healthy subjects.