Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Patients With and Without Occurrences of WRF
| Characteristics | WRF (−) | WRF (+) |
|---|---|---|
| Patients, N | 140 | 42 |
| Age, y | 73 (66–80) | 78 (72–81) |
| Female sex, N (%) | 43 (31) | 20 (48) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.0 (20.5–23.3) | 23.5 (22.0–27.2) |
| NYHA class III or IV, N (%) | 133 (95) | 40 (95) |
| Cause, N (%) | ||
| Ischemic | 44 (31) | 13 (31) |
| Nonischemic | 32 (23) | 8 (19) |
| Valvular | 31 (22) | 10 (24) |
| Hypertensive | 26 (19) | 6 (14) |
| Others | 7 (5) | 5 (12) |
| History, N (%) | ||
| HF hospitalization | 60 (43) | 21 (50) |
| Hypertension | 95 (68) | 30 (73) |
| DM | 61 (44) | 15 (35) |
| Dyslipidemia | 72 (51) | 21 (50) |
| Vital signs on admission | ||
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 133 (112–154) | 147 (123–169)a |
| Heart rate, bpm | 85 (70–104) | 95 (78–115) |
| Echocardiography | ||
| LVDd, mm | 56 (48–64) | 52 (45–59) |
| LVDs, mm | 47 (35–56) | 39 (31–53) |
| LVEF, % | 32 (23–50) | 39 (29–48) |
| Laboratory data | ||
| eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 42 (32–55) | 56 (36–75)a |
| BUN, mg/dL | 24 (19–33) | 18 (14–27) |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 12.5 (10.7–13.6) | 11.1 (9.9–12.9)a |
| CRP, mg/dL | 0.41 (0.14–1.31) | 0.48 (0.09–1.59) |
| Total BNP, pmol/L | 116.5 (59.6–192.4) | 92.6 (30.0–163.5) |
| emBNP, pmol/L | 43.1 (22.8–73.1) | 32.7 (13.0–61.8) |
| NT‐proBNP, pmol/L | 522.8 (263.4–1103.5) | 493.2 (148.6–982.0) |
| Medications, N (%) | ||
| ACEi or ARB | 86 (61) | 26 (62) |
| β Blockers | 99 (71) | 22 (52) |
| Loop diuretics | 53 (38) | 16 (38) |
Values are the median (interquartile range), unless otherwise specified. ACEi indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; BNP, B‐type or brain natriuretic peptide; bpm, beats per minute; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CRP, C‐reactive protein; DM, diabetes mellitus; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; emBNP, estimated mature BNP; HF, heart failure; LVDd, left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter; LVDs, left ventricular end‐systolic diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal proBNP; NYHA, New York Heart Association; WRF, worsening renal function.
a
P<0.05 vs WRF (−).