Table 5.
Generalized estimating equation main effects of training on skill uptake with standardized patient assessments and real patients
| Dependent Variable | Level 2B-SPA (N = 984) | Level 3 - Patient Interaction | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline, Mean (SD) | Post-training Effect | Baseline, Mean (SD) | Post-training Effect | ||
| Version A | Version B | ||||
| Tally | 10.46 (3.90) | 0.38 | 1.64*** | 10.46 (3.90) | 0.21 |
| Breadth | 5.67 (1.69) | 0.90*** | 1.43*** | 5.67 (1.69) | −0.03 |
| Cat1: Agenda Setting | 0.41 (0.63) | 0.52*** | 0.59*** | 0.41 (0.63) | −0.09 |
| Declare agenda items | 0.30 (0.47) | 0.26*** | 0.29*** | 0.30 (0.47) | −0.04 |
| Invite agenda items | 0.09 (0.29) | 0.19*** | 0.17*** | 0.09 (0.29) | −0.04 |
| Negotiate agenda | 0.02 (0.13) | 0.03 | 0.07** | 0.02 (0.13) | −0.01 |
| Take stock | 0.00 (0.07) | 0.05** | 0.06** | 0.00 (0.07) | 0.00 |
| Cat2: Checking | 0.99 (1.12) | 0.49*** | 0.53*** | 0.99 (1.12) | −0.14 |
| Check understanding | 0.91 (1.07) | 0.30** | 0.22* | 0.91 (1.07) | −0.11 |
| Check pref for info | 0.08 (0.29) | 0.19*** | 0.31*** | 0.08 (0.29) | −0.03* |
| Cat3: Questioning | 5.77 (2.68) | −0.63** | −0.32 | 5.77 (2.68) | 0.08 |
| Ask open questions | 2.86 (2.05) | −0.59** | −0.36* | 2.86 (2.05) | 0.02 |
| Clarify | 0.28 (0.59) | −0.02 | −0.08 | 0.28 (0.59) | −0.18 |
| Restate | 0.33 (0.88) | −0.01 | 0.00 | 0.33 (0.88) | 0.09 |
| Endorse question ask | 0.46 (0.70) | 0.06 | 0.11 | 0.46 (0.70) | 0.04 |
| Invite questions | 1.85 (1.43) | −0.07 | 0.00 | 1.85 (1.43) | 0.09* |
| Cat4: Information Organization | 0.55 (0.82) | 0.32*** | 0.35*** | 0.55 (0.82) | 0.27** |
| Preview | 0.20 (0.51) | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.20 (0.51) | −0.03 |
| Summarize | 0.05 (0.30) | 0.10** | 0.08* | 0.05 (0.30) | 0.02 |
| Transition | 0.13 (0.38) | 0.12** | 0.11* | 0.13 (0.38) | 0.13 |
| Review next steps | 0.16 (0.39) | 0.05 | 0.09** | 0.16 (0.39) | 0.14*** |
| Cat5: Empathic Comm. | 2.73 (2.40) | −0.30 | 0.52** | 2.73 (2.40) | 0.06 |
| Encourage expression | 0.52 (0.92) | −0.21** | 0.00 | 0.52 (0.92) | 0.11 |
| Acknowledge | 0.41 (0.74) | −0.14* | 0.09 | 0.41 (0.74) | −0.05 |
| Validate | 1.46 (1.44) | −0.07 | 0.27* | 1.46 (1.44) | 0.02 |
| Normalize | 0.23 (0.57) | 0.02 | 0.16** | 0.23 (0.57) | −0.02 |
| Praise patient effort | 0.10 (0.36) | 0.10* | 0.02 | 0.10 (0.36) | −0.01 |
Note: Baseline values for SPAs are aggregated across versions A and B. Modeled post-training effects can be interpreted as the mean increase from baseline. Statistical significance of differences are tested using Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) models, where * denotes p<.05, ** denotes p<.01, and *** denotes p<.001.