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. 2018 Aug 7;24(2):282–293. doi: 10.1038/s41380-018-0127-0

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Endogenous orexin in VP alleviates social avoidance under acute psychosocial stress. a Scheme of experimental paradigm showing the social interaction tests, with or without psychosocial stress, between the pair of dominator and subordinate rat competed from an antecedent tube test. b Traces of rats treated with LV-shOX1R-eGFP or LV-CON-eGFP in the social interaction tests in the presence or absence of psychosocial stress. c Time that subordinate/dominator rats treated with LV-shOX1R-eGFP or LV-CON-eGFP spent in the area close to the caged dominator/subordinate (n = 9–10 per group). d Number of times of subordinate/dominator rats treated with LV-shOX1R-eGFP or LV-CON-eGFP climbing the cage in the presence and absence of psychosocial stress (n = 9–10 per group). n = 10 for the LV-CON-eGFP subordinate and LV-shOX1R-eGFP dominator group, and n = 9 for the LV-shOX1R-eGFP subordinate and LV-CON-eGFP dominator group. e ELISA analyses show serum corticosterone (n = 6–7 per group) and orexin-A level in VP (n = 12) under different stress and non-stress conditions. n = 6 for food/water deprivation group, and n = 7 for other groups. Data are represented as median (horizontal bar) with 25th–75th (box) and 10th–90th (whiskers) percentiles; n.s. indicates not significant and *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, by two-way (c, d) or one-way (e) ANOVA followed by Bonferroni-corrected t test