Fig. 1.

Expression of PKCζ and the response for PKCζ inhibitor in prostate cell lines. a Western blot analysis of PKCζ expression in non-malignant human prostate cell line RWPE1 and human prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP, PC3 and PC3U. PKCζ and β-tubulin antibodies were used at 1:1000 dilution. Bar graph represents the mean ± S.D. of 3 independent experiments, * p ≤ 0.05, students’ t test. b Proliferation of PC3U, PC3, and LNCap cells was monitored by a real-time xCelligence-based cell proliferation assay. Representive results from 3 independent experiments are shown as mean ± S.D., ***p ≤ 0.001 as determined by students’ t test. c Invasion assay for PC3U, A549, PC3, and LNCaP cells treated with PKCζ pseudosubstrate (PKCζ p.s.) or not. Invasive cells were visualized by staining with crystal violet cell stain solution. Scale bar, 50 μm. d Mean values for the optical density (OD) of invasive cells. Error bar represents S.D. (n = 3 independent experiments, *p ≤ 0.05, ***p ≤ 0.001, one-way ANOVA. e–g xCelligence-based cell proliferation assay for PC3U, PC3, and LNCap cells treated with PKCζ p.s. or not. Representive results from 3 independent experiments are shown as mean ± S.D. ***p ≤ 0.001 as determined by students’ t test