Figure 9.

Muscone promotes the adipogenic differentiation of GMSCs. GMSCs were cultured in adipogenesis-inducing medium with 0 mg/L muscone, 25 nM LiCl, 6 mg/L muscone or 25 nM LiCl+6 mg/L muscone for 6 days. (A) The levels of the adipogenesis-related gene PPARγ and the signaling pathway-related genes β-catenin, GSK3β, and p-GSK3β were detected by Western blot analysis. (B, C, D) The increased protein expression of the adipogenesis-related gene PPARγ and the signaling pathway-related genes β-catenin and GSK3β was inhibited by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway agonist LiCl in GMSCs. (E) The reduced protein levels of p-GSK3β were ameliorated by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway agonist LiCl in GMSCs. Data are presented as the mean ± S.E.M. of three independent experiments. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, compared with the control group. ^^P<0.01, ^^^P<0.001, compared with the other experimental groups.

Abbreviations: GMSCs, gingival mesenchymal stem cells; S.E.M., standard error of the mean; Li or LiCl, lithium chloride.