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. 2019 Jan 4;24(7):1079–1092. doi: 10.1038/s41380-018-0338-4

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — GluN2B-KD disrupts the E/I balance in pyramidal neurons in layer 2/3 of the somatosensory cortex. a Representative traces of evoked AMPA (lower trace) and NMDA (upper trace) receptor-mediated synaptic currents in control (black) and shGluN2B-transfected (green) neurons. Scale bars represent 50pA (vertical axis) and 0.2 s (horizontal axis). b NMDA/AMPA ratio in control and shGluN2B-transfected neurons. The NMDA/AMPA ratio was significantly decreased in the shGluN2B-transfected neurons (animal numbers; Cntl n = 3, shGluN2B n = 3). c Normalized sample traces of NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic currents recorded from control and shGluN2B-transfected neurons. Fitted double exponential curves are shown in red. Scale bar represents 0.2 s. d Weighted decay time constant (τ) of the NMDA receptor-mediated current in control and shGluN2B-transfected neurons. The decay time constant (τ) in shGluN2B-transfected neurons was decreased compared to control neurons (animal numbers; Cntl n = 3, shGluN2B n = 3). e Representative traces of the mEPSC in control (upper) and shGluN2B-transfected (lower) neurons. Scale bars represent 10pA (vertical axis) and 1 s (horizontal axis). f–g Frequency (f) and amplitude (g) of the mEPSC in control and shGluN2B-transfected neurons. The frequency of the mEPSC was increased by GluN2B-KD (animal numbers; Cntl n = 3, shGluN2B n = 3). h Representative traces of the mIPSC in control (upper) and shGluN2B-transfected (lower) neurons. Scale bars represent 10pA (vertical axis) and 1 s (horizontal axis). i–j Frequency (i) and amplitude (j) of the mIPSC in control and shGluN2B-transfected neurons. The frequency of the mIPSC was decreased by GluN2B-KD (animal numbers; Cntl n = 3, shGluN2B n = 3). k Scatter plot of the frequency of mEPSCs versus mIPSCs in control and shGluN2B-transfected neurons. Each dot represents a single cell. The control and shGluN2B-transfected neurons showed different distributions. l E/I balance index of control and shGluN2B-transfected neurons. Statistical significance was determined by unpaired ttest. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001. Numbers on bars are the number of cells analyzed. N.S. not significant