Table 2.
CSF immune related markers in patients with schizophrenia spectrum or affective disorders compared to healthy controls
| CSF Marker | Studies | Cases | Control | SMD | 95% CI | p-value | I 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Schizophrenia vs healthy controls | |||||||
| Cell count | 1 | 32 | 31 | 0.19 | −0.31 to 0.68 | 0.46 | NA |
| Total protein | 3 | 97 | 142 | 0.41 | 0.15 to 0.67 | 0.002 | 0% |
| Albumin | 2 | 86 | 91 | 0.21 | −0.29 to 0.70 | 0.41 | 62% |
| Albumin ratio | 1 | 54 | 60 | 0.71 | 0.33 to 1.09 | 0.0002 | NA |
| IgG | 2 | 86 | 91 | −0.12 | −0.93 to 0.69 | 0.77 | 85% |
| IgG Ratio | 1 | 54 | 60 | 0.68 | 0.30 to 1.06 | 0.0004 | NA |
| IgG/Albumin ratio | 1 | 32 | 31 | −0.62 | −1.13 to −0.12 | 0.02 | NA |
| IgG Index | 2 | 100 | 80 | 0.25 | −0.07 to 0.56 | 0.13 | 7% |
| IL-1 alpha | 3 | 72 | 33 | −0.16 | −0.91 to 0.60 | 0.68 | 43% |
| IL-1 Beta | 2 | 40 | 39 | −0.13 | −4.96 to 4.71 | 0.96 | 98% |
| IL-2 | 3 | 97 | 42 | 0.18 | −0.49 to 0.85 | 0.60 | 64% |
| IL-6 | 7 | 230 | 188 | 0.55 | 0.35 to 0.76 | <0.00001 | 1% |
| IL-6R | 1 | 46 | 35 | −0.24 | −0.68 to 0.20 | 0.28 | NA |
| IL-8 | 3 | 95 | 102 | 0.46 | 0.17 to 0.75 | 0.002 | 0% |
| Neopterin | 1 | 11 | 10 | −0.05 | −0.91 to 0.81 | 0.91 | NA |
| MIP-1 alfa | 1 | 8 | 8 | −0.70 | −1.72 to 0.32 | 0.18 | NA |
| C3 | 1 | 46 | 35 | 0.00 | −0.44 to 0.44 | 1.00 | NA |
| MCP-2 | 1 | 46 | 35 | 0.26 | −0.18 to 0.71 | 0.24 | NA |
| TNFR2 | 1 | 46 | 35 | 0.06 | −0.38 to 0.50 | 0.78 | NA |
| TGFB1 | 1 | 44 | 19 | 0.29 | −0.25 to 0.83 | 0.29 | NA |
| TGFB2 | 1 | 44 | 19 | −0.14 | −0.68 to 0.40 | 0.61 | NA |
| Affective Disorders vs healthy controls | |||||||
| CSF Marker | Studies | Cases | Control | Mean ES | 95% CI | p-value | I 2 |
| Cell count | 1 | 29 | 31 | 0.40 | −0.11 to 0.91 | 0.13 | NA |
| Total protein | 2 | 53 | 48 | 0.80 | 0.39 to 1.21 | 0.0001 | 0% |
| Albumin | 4 | 181 | 130 | 0.28 | 0.04 to 0.52 | 0.02 | 0% |
| Albumin ratio | 4 | 298 | 238 | 0.41 | 0.23 to 0.60 | <0.00001 | 0% |
| IgG | 2 | 36 | 42 | −0.22 | −0.75 to 0.32 | 0.43 | 0% |
| IgG Ratio | 1 | 29 | 11 | 0.33 | −0.37 to 1.02 | 0.36 | NA |
| IgG/Albumin ratio | 1 | 7 | 31 | −0.56 | −1.39 to 0.28 | 0.19 | NA |
| IgG Index | 1 | 29 | 11 | 0.22 | −0.48 to 0.91 | 0.54 | NA |
| IL-1 | 1 | 18 | 25 | 0.61 | −0.01 to 1.23 | 0.05 | NA |
| IL-1 Beta | 2 | 62 | 77 | 0.80 | −0.99 to 2.59 | 0.38 | 96% |
| IL-6 | 7 | 159 | 242 | 0.22 | −0.23 to 0.68 | 0.34 | 78% |
| IL-8 | 5 | 273 | 263 | 0.17 | −0.21 to 0.56 | 0.37 | 76% |
| TNF-alpha | 2 | 50 | 72 | 0.24 | −0.12 to 0.61 | 0.19 | 0% |
| Eotaxin-1 | 1 | 75 | 43 | −0.33 | −0.71 to 0.04 | 0.08 | NA |
| IP-10 | 1 | 75 | 43 | −0.17 | −0.55 to 0.20 | 0.37 | NA |
| MIP-1B | 1 | 75 | 43 | −0.26 | −0.64 to 0.12 | 0.17 | NA |
| MCP-1 | 1 | 75 | 43 | −0.28 | −0.65 to 0.10 | 0.15 | NA |
| MCP-4 | 1 | 75 | 43 | −0.76 | −1.15 to −0.37 | 0.0001 | NA |
| TARC | 1 | 75 | 43 | −0.57 | −0.95 to −0.19 | 0.004 | NA |