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Effects of amino acids on the LC3-II content (A) and mRNA expression of atrogin-1/MAFbx and autophagy-related genes (LC3B, GABARAPL1, ATG12, and cathepsin B) (B) in chick myotube cultures. Cells were incubated for 3 h in 0× or 1× amino acids in serum-free MEM. Data are expressed as the mean±SD (n=5–6). Values are significantly different at * P<0.05; ** P<0.01.
