Table 2. Mean difference [95% confidence intervals] in lung function (ml) per increase in self-reported physical activity in the main study population at ECRHS II (N = 2347), when restricted to current smokers (N = 736), and when weight is removed from the models.
| Physical activity | Effect | Main modelsa | Current smokers b | Weight removedc | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FEV1 | FVC | FEV1 | FVC | FEV1 | FVC | ||
| Active | |||||||
| Yes vs. no | Indirect (via CRP) | -1.2 [-10.2, 7.4] | -1.7 [-10.3, 6.4] | 9.0 [-12.7, 29.2] | 5.7 [-14.5, 24.3] | -1.0 [-10.5, 8.3] | -1.2 [-11.4, 8.7] |
| Direct (not via CRP) | 50.8 [4.9, 90.0] | 60.3 [8.6, 105.3] | 144.3 [71.7, 224.2] | 148.7 [65.2, 240.3] | 51.3 [7.8, 95.0] | 61.8 [12.4, 111.6] | |
| Total | 49.5 [1.6, 91.4] | 58.5 [4.4, 106.1] | 153.3 [75.4, 238.9] | 154.4 [68.0, 248.9] | 50.3 [7.0, 95.6] | 60.6 [10.6, 111.4] | |
| Frequency | |||||||
| Medium vs. low | Indirect (via CRP) | -1.0 [-11.0, 8.3] | -2.7 [-12.3, 6.0] | 3.8 [-16.9, 26.4] | 1.3 [-17.7, 22.1] | 2.4 [-7.5, 12.3] | 1.1 [-9.6, 11.6] |
| Direct (not via CRP) | 19.0 [-27.4, 65.5] | 37.3 [-14.6, 89.3] | 86.6 [9.2, 168.0] | 113.6 [26.4, 205.5] | 20.1 [-26.9, 61.7] | 41.2 [-12.3, 89.0] | |
| Total | 18.0 [-28.6, 65.4] | 34.6 [-17.9, 87.6] | 90.4 [11.1, 173.5] | 114.9 [25.2, 207.0] | 22.5 [-26.0, 66.5] | 42.2 [-12.8, 92.2] | |
| High vs. low | Indirect (via CRP) | -3.6 [-17.0, 9.4] | -4.3 [-17.1, 8.0] | 0.5 [-29.0, 33.9] | -2.9 [-30.8, 27.3] | -7.1 [-20.9, 6.9] | -7.9 [-22.8, 7.1] |
| Direct (not via CRP) | 63.3 [1.1, 124.2] | 71.0 [-0.5, 139.1] | 126.9 [15.8, 241.5] | 92.3 [-36.2, 225.5] | 65.5 [4.1, 126.4] | 71.9 [2.4, 141.5] | |
| Total | 59.7 [-4.5, 120.5] | 66.7 [-4.9, 135.5] | 127.4 [13.6, 245.2] | 89.4 [-38.2, 225.4] | 58.4 [-3.8, 121.0] | 64.0 [-6.7, 135.2] | |
| Duration | |||||||
| Medium vs. low | Indirect (via CRP) | -2.3 [-12.5, 7.5] | -2.5 [-12.3, 6.6] | 6.8 [-14.1, 29.8] | 4.6 [-14.2, 26.0] | -0.5 [-10.6, 9.6] | -0.4 [-11.1, 10.5] |
| Direct (not via CRP) | 41.6 [-5.1, 89.3] | 51.3 [-2.2, 105.8] | 152.4 [73.1, 233.1] | 165.2 [75.8, 258.4] | 42.5 [-3.7, 85.6] | 53.9 [1.4, 103.1] | |
| Total | 39.3 [-7.5, 87.2] | 48.9 [-4.7, 103.3] | 159.2 [80.4, 240.6] | 169.9 [79.9, 261.5] | 42.0 [-7.0, 85.7] | 53.5 [-1.8, 102.9] | |
| High vs. low | Indirect (via CRP) | -4.4 [-17.2, 7.9] | -3.8 [-15.7, 7.7] | -0.6 [-29.1, 31.6] | -3.9 [-30.0, 25.0] | -4.7 [-17.9, 8.3] | -4.5 [-18.7, 9.0] |
| Direct (not via CRP) | 61.2 [2.8, 118.7] | 70.2 [3.8, 136.0] | 142.6 [35.1, 254.8] | 94.7 [-26.9, 221.6] | 63.1 [5.6, 120.0] | 73.3 [8.7, 138.0] | |
| Total | 56.8 [-2.2, 113.7] | 66.4 [1.0, 130.2] | 141.9 [32.4, 254.1] | 90.8 [-31.1, 220.9] | 58.4 [0.9, 117.0] | 68.8 [3.7, 135.1] | |
CRP = C-reactive protein; ECHRS = European Community Respiratory Health Survey; FEV1 = forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC = forced vital capacity
a Models are adjusted for sex, age, height, weight, education, occupation, secondhand smoke exposure, smoking habit and include a random intercept for center.
b Models are adjusted for sex, age, height, weight, education, occupation, secondhand smoke exposure and include a random intercept for center.
c Models are adjusted for sex, age, height, education, occupation, secondhand smoke exposure, smoking habit and include a random intercept for center.