Table 3. Mean difference [95% confidence intervals] in lung function (ml) per increase in self-reported physical activity in the subsample with IPAQ data at ECRHS III (N = 671), when restricted to current smokers (N = 98), and when weight is removed from the models.
| Physical activity (IPAQ) | Effect | Main modelsa | Current smokers b | Weight removedc | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FEV1 | FVC | FEV1 | FVC | FEV1 | FVC | ||
| Total | |||||||
| T2 vs T1 | Indirect (via CRP) | 9.7 [-6.3, 27.9] | 7.0 [-6.1, 23.4] | -22.0 [-93.8, 24.0] | -30.2 [-118.5, 33.7] | 14.5 [-2.2, 34.3] | 13.6 [-3.7, 34.6] |
| Direct (not via CRP) | 15.1 [-73.5, 108.7] | 90.1 [-14.7, 201] | 172.6 [-84.5, 453.2] | 254.8 [-32.8, 519.4] | 15.7 [-73.5, 108.6] | 93.1 [-11.8, 203.1] | |
| Total | 24.9 [-69.0, 120.4] | 97.1 [-9.8, 209.1] | 150.7 [-92.3, 426.8] | 224.6 [-77.6, 486.4] | 30.2 [-57.3, 122.5] | 106.7 [2.4, 215.5] | |
| T3 vs T1 | Indirect (via CRP) | 7.0 [-9.8, 25.8] | 7.0 [-6.9, 24.6] | -11.9 [-78.1, 31.8] | -20.9 [-120.2, 47.7] | 14.3 [-4.3, 33.8] | 16.3 [-3.0, 38.1] |
| Direct (not via CRP) | 86.3 [-15.6, 180.1] | 176.5 [55.8, 288.1] | 284.0 [-10.6, 553.4] | 274.7 [-23.9, 565.9] | 91.4 [2.5, 182.1] | 185.5 [79.0, 294.9] | |
| Total | 93.3 [-7.7, 187.7] | 183.5 [63.7, 296.8] | 272.0 [-18.7, 539.7] | 253.8 [-56.5, 563.4] | 105.7 [15.1, 202.5] | 201.8 [94.3, 316.7] | |
| Vigorous | |||||||
| T2 vs T1 | Indirect (via CRP) | 6.4 [-11.0, 24.1] | 6.0 [-8.6, 23.2] | 10.7 [-36.7, 80.8] | 19.9 [-46.6, 115.8] | 14.6 [-3.2, 35.5] | 18.4 [-0.9, 42.2] |
| Direct (not via CRP) | 24.7 [-73.7, 131.3] | 68.3 [-47.6, 193.0] | 115.5 [-237.7, 479.9] | 251.0 [-119.9, 639.1] | 33.0 [-66.6, 139.0] | 85.6 [-31.3, 209.2] | |
| Total | 31.0 [-71.8, 140.2] | 74.3 [-44.5, 199.2] | 126.2 [-224.2, 491.9] | 271.0 [-97.2, 669.3] | 47.6 [-53.8, 151.9] | 104.0 [-13.9, 225] | |
| T3 vs T1 | Indirect (via CRP) | 10.4 [-2.6, 26.9] | 9.5 [-1.2, 25.2] | 7.8 [-22.8, 50.0] | 15.9 [-21.3, 69.5] | 17.5 [1.9, 35.0] | 20.5 [3.4, 40.5] |
| Direct (not via CRP) | 100.7 [14.9, 180.0] | 140.0 [38.7, 233.6] | 210.4 [-18.0, 425.9] | 248.0 [15.5, 462.0] | 102.1 [26.3, 180.2] | 147.4 [57.4, 239.4] | |
| Total | 111.1 [25.6, 191.2] | 149.5 [48.8, 243.4] | 218.2 [-12.2, 429.4] | 264.0 [31.9, 479.3] | 119.6 [42.2, 200.8] | 167.8 [76.5, 264.8] | |
| Moderate | |||||||
| T2 vs T1 | Indirect (via CRP) | 21.1 [5.2, 41.9] | 17.3 [2.6, 38.0] | 9.9 [-24.2, 62.6] | 15.7 [-45.4, 87.6] | 27.4 [9.7, 49.7] | 30.6 [10.7, 56.2] |
| Direct (not via CRP) | 60.8 [-32.7, 161.2] | 82.0 [-29.3, 199.3] | 152.9 [-102.5, 405.6] | 195.9 [-65.8, 450.0] | 56.5 [-34.2, 149.8] | 80.1 [-27.7, 191.6] | |
| Total | 81.9 [-13.7, 179.7] | 99.4 [-11.3, 214.0] | 162.7 [-83.7, 424.5] | 211.6 [-65.5, 466.3] | 83.9 [-6.2, 179.4] | 110.7 [2.3, 223.8] | |
| T3 vs T1 | Indirect (via CRP) | 7.9 [-5.5, 24.1] | 6.6 [-5.1, 21.8] | -12.3 [-72.0, 20.3] | -21.1 [-115.1, 35.5] | 14.8 [-0.8, 32.3] | 16.4 [-0.8, 36.4] |
| Direct (not via CRP) | 68.5 [-25.3, 152.2] | 155.3 [43.8, 255.4] | 57.1 [-212.2, 314.2] | 122.9 [-151.9, 402.0] | 67.6 [-12.2, 150.4] | 159.0 [64.0, 257.4] | |
| Total | 76.4 [-16.4, 162.6] | 161.9 [51.6, 264.6] | 44.8 [-225.0, 297.0] | 101.8 [-199.0, 389.5] | 82.4 [1.8, 169.7] | 175.4 [79.5, 277.5] | |
| Walking | |||||||
| T2 vs T1 | Indirect (via CRP) | 2.5 [-14.6, 19.6] | 2.2 [-12.8, 18.4] | 3.8 [-26.5, 47.2] | 12.9 [-38.9, 80.9] | -2.2 [-20.8, 16.1] | -2.7 [-23.2, 17.2] |
| Direct (not via CRP) | -5.3 [-97.2, 92.2] | 5.9 [-101.7, 119.7] | 263.3 [-6.8, 536.9] | 222.7 [-51.3, 502.8] | -7.2 [-97.8, 86.0] | -2.0 [-109.3, 109.1] | |
| Total | -2.8 [-96.9, 97.8] | 8.1 [-100.3, 125.2] | 267.1 [1.3, 558.2] | 235.5 [-32, 533.3] | -9.4 [-99.5, 85.4] | -4.7 [-111.3, 105.5] | |
| T3 vs T1 | Indirect (via CRP) | -1.4 [-19.2, 15.8] | -2.1 [-18.7, 13.1] | -18.9 [-104, 45.5] | -50 [-161.8, 13.8] | 0.9 [-18.7, 19.1] | -1.5 [-23.2, 18.2] |
| Direct (not via CRP) | -1.1 [-97.6, 88.1] | -2.6 [-115.7, 102.7] | 52.4 [-293.8, 363.8] | 44.6 [-308.8, 359.3] | 4.1 [-83.5, 94.1] | 2.8 [-101.5, 108.7] | |
| Total | -2.5 [-97.7, 89.9] | -4.7 [-117.5, 103.1] | 33.4 [-296.6, 333.3] | -5.4 [-335.3, 297.6] | 5.0 [-84.3, 100.4] | 1.3 [-104.4, 114.0] | |
CRP = C-reactive protein; ECHRS = European Community Respiratory Health Survey; FEV1 = forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC = forced vital capacity; IPAQ = International Physical Activity Questionnaire; T1 = first tertile; T2 = second tertile; T3 = third tertile
a Models are adjusted for sex, age, height, weight, education, occupation, secondhand smoke exposure, smoking habit and include a random intercept for center.
b Models are adjusted for sex, age, height, weight, education, occupation, secondhand smoke exposure and include a random intercept for center.
c Models are adjusted for sex, age, height, education, occupation, secondhand smoke exposure, smoking habit and include a random intercept for center.