Table 3.
Factors associated with home delivery among women aged 15–24 years in Nigeria
| Factors | Model I† | Model II‡ | Model III§/ | Model IV¶ | ||||
| AOR | 95% CI | AOR | 95% CI | AOR | 95% CI | AOR | 95% CI | |
| External environmental factors | ||||||||
| Region of residence | ||||||||
| North-Central | 1.86** | 1.16 to 3.03 | 1.63* | 1.02 to 2.55 | 1.23 | 0.76 to 2.00 | 1.25 | 0.76 to 2.02 |
| North-East | 6.89*** | 4.18 to 11.35 | 2.59*** | 1.52 to 4.37 | 1.97* | 1.14 to 3.34 | 1.96* | 1.15 to 3.38 |
| North-West | 10.70*** | 6.65 to 17.17 | 4.18*** | 2.53 to 6.85 | 2.94*** | 1.80 to 4.83 | 2.95*** | 1.78 to 4.90 |
| South-East | 0.59 | 0.34 to 1.02 | 0.72 | 0.40 to 1.31 | 0.65 | 0.37 to 1.14 | 0.63 | 1.78 to 4.90 |
| South-South | 2.84*** | 1.76 to 4.62 | 5.63*** | 3.48 to 9.15 | 3.81*** | 2.38 to 6.06 | 3.72*** | 2.34 to 5.90 |
| South-West | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) |
| Rural-urban residence | ||||||||
| Rural | 3.53*** | 2.67 to 4.65 | 1.61** | 1.22 to 2.12 | 1.39* | 1.06 to 1.85 | 1.41* | 1.06 to 1.85 |
| Urban | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) |
| Predisposing factors | ||||||||
| Maternal education level | ||||||||
| None | 2.53*** | 1.86 to 3.48 | 2.00*** | 1.44 to 2.73 | 1.97*** | 1.43 to 2.73 | ||
| Primary | 1.43** | 1.13 to 1.85 | 1.36* | 1.05 to 1.80 | 1.35* | 1.03 to 1.76 | ||
| Secondary/higher | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | ||
| Husband/partner’s education level | ||||||||
| None | 1.75*** | 1.30 to 2.36 | 1.44* | 1.05 to 2.01 | 1.46* | 1.06 to 2.05 | ||
| Primary | 1.20 | 0.92 to 1.52 | 1.12 | 0.86 to 1.45 | 1.11 | 0.86 to 1.47 | ||
| Secondary/higher | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | ||
| Wealth index | ||||||||
| Poor | 3.04*** | 2.05 to 4.56 | 2.70*** | 1.75 to 4.16 | 2.73*** | 1.75 to 4.22 | ||
| Middle | 1.45* | 1.05 to 1.97 | 1.59* | 1.12 to 2.28 | 1.61* | 1.13 to 2.33 | ||
| Rich | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | ||
| Maternal religion | ||||||||
| Islam | 1.71** | 1.16 to 2.51 | 1.88** | 1.26 to 2.76 | 1.91** | 1.29 to 2.82 | ||
| Traditional/other | 1.47 | 0.79 to 2.71 | 1.79 | 0.86 to 3.66 | 1.80 | 0.89 to 3.70 | ||
| Christianity | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | ||
| Parity | ||||||||
| ≥4 | 1.74* | 1.13 to 2.68 | 1.87** | 1.29 to 2.75 | 1.86** | 1.28 to 2.75 | ||
| 2–3 | 1.56*** | 1.65*** | 1.65*** | |||||
| 1 | 1.00 | 1.34 to 1.81 (Reference) |
1.00 | 1.34 to 2.07 (Reference) |
1.00 | 1.34 to 2.07 (Reference) |
||
| Frequency of listening to radio | ||||||||
| Not at all | 1.33* | 1.04 to 1.66 | 1.06 | 0.83 to 1.33 | 1.07 | 0.85 to 1.34 | ||
| <once a week | 1.46*** | 1.17 to 1.79 | 1.46** | 1.15 to 1.86 | 1.46** | 1.16 to 1.87 | ||
| ≥once a week | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | ||
| Enabling factors | ||||||||
| Health insurance cover | ||||||||
| No | 2.34** | 1.16 to 4.71 | 2.33** | 1.15 to 4.70 | ||||
| Yes | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | ||||
| Antenatal attendance | ||||||||
| <4 times | 3.80*** | 3.00 to 4.85 | 3.81 | 2.99 to 4.84 | ||||
| ≥4 times | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | ||||
| Distance to health facility | ||||||||
| Big problem | 1.48** | 1.15 to 1.88 | 1.47** | 1.13 to 1.89 | ||||
| Not a big problem | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | ||||
| Need factor | ||||||||
| Desire for pregnancy | ||||||||
| Later | 1.11 | 0.81 to 1.56 | ||||||
| No more | 4.20 | 0.95 to 18.77 | ||||||
| Then | 1.00 | (Reference) | ||||||
*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.0001.
Factors included in modelling: region of residence, rural-urban residence, wealth index, maternal age, maternal education level, maternal occupation, husband education level, maternal religion, maternal marital status, parity, frequency of reading newspapers, frequency of listening to radio, frequency of watching television, health insurance coverage, distance to health facility, permission to visit health facility, companionship to health facility, getting money to pay, attitude of health workers, antenatal visits, desire for pregnancy. ‘Knowledge of pregnancy complications’ was not included in the multivariable analysis as about 58% of its information was missing.
†Model 1: External environmental factors only.
‡Model II: Predisposing factors added to Model I.
§Model III: Enabling factors added to Model I.
¶Model IV: Need factor added to Model III.
AOR, adjusted OR.