Table 2.

Complication Rates Following 1-, 2-, and 3-Stage Latissimus Dorsi Musculocutaneous Flap Reconstruction

	1-Stage Latissimus Only n = 28 48.30%	1-Stage Latissimus with Implant n = 7 12.10%	2-Stage Latissimus with TE/Implant n = 8 13.80%	3-Stage Latissimus with Delayed TE/Implant n = 15 25.90%	P
Any complication	4 (14.3%)	2 (28.6%)	5 (52.5%)	4 (26.7%)	0.055
Capsular contracture, grades 3 and 4	–	1 (14.3%)	2 (25%)	1 (6.7%)	0.467
Mastectomy flap necrosis	1 (3.6%)	0	0	0	0.779
Wound dehiscence	1 (3.6%)	0	0	0	0.779
Implant exposure	–	1 (14.3%)	0	0	0.183
Seroma, any	0	0	2 (25%)	2 (12.3%)	0.054
Seroma, breast	0	0	1 (12.5%)	1 (6.7%)	0.297
Seroma, back	0	0	1 (12.5%)	1 (6.7%)	0.297
Hematoma	1 (3.6%)	0	0	0	0.779
Partial flap loss	1 (3.6%)	0	0	0	0.779
Infection	1 (3.6%)	0	1 (12.5%)	1 (6.7%)	0.689
Implant malposition	–	0	1 (12.5%)	0	0.241
Explantation	–	1 (14.3%)	1 (12.5%)	0	0.339
Reoperation	3 (10.7%)	1 (14.3%)	2 (25%)	0	0.295