Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of ISEE Participants (N = 213)
| Characteristic | n (%) or Mean (SD) |
|---|---|
| Age in years, Mean (SD) | 86.38 (7.32) |
| Gender, n (%) | |
| Female | 158 (74.2%) |
| Male | 55 (25.8%) |
| Race, n (%) | |
| White | 196 (92.0) |
| Black | 16 (7.5) |
| Other | 1 (0.5) |
| Sensory Impairment, n (%) | |
| Vision | 29 (13.6) |
| Mild | 8 (27.6) |
| Moderate | 14 (48.3) |
| Legally Blind | 7 (24.1) |
| Hearing | 103 (48.4) |
| Moderate | 55 (53.4) |
| Moderately Severe | 41 (39.8) |
| Severe | 7 (6.8) |
| Dual | 81 (38.0) |
| Mild Vision-Moderate Hearing | 9 (11.1) |
| Mild Vision-Moderately Severe Hearing | 5 (6.2) |
| Mild Vision-Severe Hearing | 3 (3.7) |
| Moderate Vision-Moderate Hearing | 30 (37.0) |
| Moderate Vision-Moderately Severe Hearing | 15 (18.5) |
| Moderate Vision-Severe Hearing | 4 (4.9) |
| Legally Blind-Moderate Hearing | 10 (12.4) |
| Legally Blind-Moderately Severe Hearing | 4 (5.0) |
| Legally Blind-Severe Hearing | 1 (1.2) |
| Visual Acuity (# of letters) – ETDRS, Mean (SD) | 33.64 (15.31) |
| Hearing (dB) – PTA, Mean (SD) | 52.41 (11.81) |
| Combined standardized ETDRS and PTA scores, Mean (SD) | 0.04 (1.54) |
| Co-morbidity – CIRS, Mean (SD) | 28.66 (3.99) |
| Cognition – MMSE, Mean (SD) | 22.70 (4.81) |
| Depression – GDS, Mean (SD) | 8.58 (5.72) |
| Social Engagement – BASE, Mean (SD) | 12.08 (3.04) |
SD = standard deviation; ISEE= Individualizes Sensory Enhancement for the Elderly study; ETDRS = Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study, PTA = Pure Tone Average, CIRS = Cumulative Illness Rating Scale, MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination, GDS = Geriatric Depression Scale, BASE = Brief Assessment of Social Engagement.