Table 1.
Demographics and risk factors by biomarker groups
| Variables | All | A−T− | A−T+ | A+T− | A+T+ |
Overall p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) | 433 (100) | 187 (43) | 72 (17) | 116 (27) | 58 (13) | - |
| Baseline age, mean (SD), y | 68.3 (8.5) | 66.1 (8.7)a,b | 70.4 (8.7)b,d | 68.0 (8.7)b,c | 73.3 (7.4)b,d | <0.001 |
| Female, No. (%) | 229 (53) | 107 (57)b | 48 (67)b,c | 46 (40)a,d | 28 (48)a | 0.001 |
| APOE ε4 carrier, No. (%) | 149 (34) | 40 (21)b,c | 15 (21)b,c | 57 (49)a,d | 37 (64)a,d | <0.001 |
| Education (SD), y | 16.1 (2.7) | 16.2 (2.6) | 15.8 (2.5) | 16.3 (2.9) | 15.6 (3.1) | 0.321 |
| Baseline MMSE score, mean (SD) | 29.1 (1.3) | 29.2 (1.0)c | 29.1 (1.1) | 29.0 (1.5) | 28.8 (1.6)d | <0.001 |
| Baseline CDR-SOB, mean (SD) | 0.02 (0.1) | 0.019 (0.1) | 0.028 (0.1) | 0.013 (0.1) | 0.026 (0.1) | 0.728 |
| Baseline cognitive compound Z-score, mean (SD) | 0.02 (0.7) | 0.20 (0.7)a,b,c | −0.01 (0.6)c,d | 0.00 (0.68)c,d | −0.45 (0.8)a,b,d | <0.001 |
| Individuals with longitudinal biomarkers, No. (%) | 184 (42) | 92 (50) | 25 (35) | 44 (38) | 23 (40) | - |
| Biomarker follow-up (No. of visits) | 1.7 (0.9) | 1.8 (1.0)c,d | 1.5 (0.9)d | 1.5 (0.8)d | 1.6 (0.8) | 0.016 |
| Biomarker follow-up time (years)* | 2.1 (2.8) | 2.6 (3.0) | 1.9 (2.9) | 1.8 (2.5) | 1.7 (2.5) | 0.064 |
| Cognitive follow-up (No. of visits) | 4.8 (2.5) | 4.8 (2.7) | 5.5 (2.3) | 4.4 (2.3) | 4.8 (2.6) | 0.054 |
| Cognitive follow-up time (years) | 5.2 (2.7) | 5.5 (2.9) | 5.5 (2.2) | 4.7 (2.6) | 4.9 (2.7) | 0.071 |
| Baseline Aβ42, mean (SD), pg/ml | 1357.3 (647.5) | 1630.1 (392.7)a,b,c | 2055.4 (728.9)b,c,d | 797.7 (200.5)a,d | 730.4 (186.6)a,d | <0.001 |
| Last follow-up Aβ42, mean (SD), pg/ml* | 1096.6 (526.3) | 1282.7 (478.2)a,b,c | 1391.6 (649.1)b,c,d | 775.0 (312.1)a,c,d | 655.4 (246.2) | <0.001 |
| Baseline T-tau, mean (SD), pg/ml | 225.7 (93.8) | 185.9 (36.3)a,b,c | 325.5 (70.6)b,c,d | 163.2 (44.5)a,c,d | 355.4 (97.0)a,b,d | <0.001 |
| Last follow-up T-tau, mean (SD), pg/ml* | 237.6 (119.5) | 189.8 (54.7)a,c | 340.1 (90.4)b,c,d | 189.5 (82.2)a,c | 421.1 (159.4)a,b,d | <0.001 |
| Baseline P-tau, mean (SD), pg/ml | 20.5 (9.9) | 16.0 (3.2)a,c | 29.2 (7.9)b,c,d | 14.8 (4.3)a,c | 35.7 (11.9)a,b,d | <0.001 |
| Last follow-up P-tau, mean (SD), pg/ml* | 22.1 (13.2) | 16.7 (5.1)a,c | 31.2 (10.0)b,c,d | 17.4 (8.8)a,c | 43.9 (18.9)a,b,d | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, No. (%), (n=433) | 251 (58) | 92 (49) | 46 (64) | 74 (64) | 39 (67) | 0.058 |
| Hypercholesterolemia, No. (%), (n=422) | 273 (65) | 116 (63) | 53 (76) | 70 (61) | 34 (62) | 0.206 |
| Depression, No. (%), (n=421) | 152 (36) | 72 (39) | 28 (41) | 36 (32) | 16 (29) | 0.613 |
| Obesity, No. (%), (n=428) | 113 (26) | 59 (32)c | 12 (17) | 37 (32)c | 5 (9)b,d | 0.048 |
| Cardiovascular disorders, No. (%), (n=423) | 55 (13) | 18 (10)c | 10 (15) | 12 (11) | 15 (26)d | 0.010 |
| Framingham Risk Score, (n=335) | 16.3 (11.4) | 14.0 (9.6) | 17.2 (10.6) | 18.0 (13.3) | 18.7 (12.0) | 0.292 |
Comparisons between groups on frequency of risk factors were adjusted for age, gender, years of education and APOE ε4+. When overall difference between groups was significant, posthoc testing between groups was conducted.
*
Available in a subgroup: A−T− n=92, A−T+ n=25, A+T− n=44, A+T+ n=23.
a
p<0.05 compared to A−T+,
b
p<0.05 compared to A+T−,
c
p<0.05 compared to A+T+,
d
p<0.05 compared to A−T−.
Abbreviations: A= amyloid, APOE = Apolipoprotein E, T= tau, TIA=Transient Ischemic Attack.