Table 1.

The urinary level of KIM-1 (kidney injury molecule-1) and NGAL (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin) recorded in different experimental groups.

Group	KIM-1 (ng/ml)	NGAL (ng/ml)
Healthy	0.19 ± 0.40***	0.00 ± 0.00***†††
0.9% NaCl	0.35 ± 0.50***	0.22 ± 0.54***†††
DMSO	2.18 ± 1.44***	3.32 ± 2.41***
Gentamicin	21.95 ± 6.18	9.86 ± 0.16
Gentamicin + pioglitazone 0.3 mg/kg	25.99 ± 7.73	9.13 ± 1.15
Gentamicin + pioglitazone 1 mg/kg	9.04 ± 4.42*	9.52 ± 0.88
Gentamicin + pioglitazone 3 mg/kg	24.86 ± 9.54	8.89 ± 1.20

Each result represents the mean ± SD (n = 4–6). ***P < 0.001, *P < 0.05 compared to gentamicin group (ANOVA followed by the Turkey post hoc test). ^†††P < 0.001 compared to DMSO group (ANOVA followed by the Turkey post hoc test).