Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2019 Sep 23;9:13679. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-50139-7

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Comparison of the oral microbiomes of cetaceans according to the development stage/age class. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) in panel (a) (p-value = 0.001) was performed after subsampling the OTU table to even sequencing depth and at the bacterial species level, with Hellinger transformation of the abundances. Similar results were obtained when grouping the OTUs by bacterial genera. The colour frames in both CCA plots group the samples according to the constrained variable and the symbols represent the species of the sampled animals: D. delphis (●), P. phocoena (▲) or S. coeruleoalba (■). The major contributions of the “development stage/age class” variable are shown as % in the first and second component of the CCA plot (CCA1 and CCA2, respectively). Panel (b) shows the richness and diversity measures calculated between species (as the average observed OTUs and Shannon diversity index of each sample), using the OTU table normalized by total sum scaling. Significance of these alpha-diversity metrics was tested with Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared test followed by pairwise Wilcoxon test between groups (a, p-value = 0.008; b, p-value = 0.002; c, p-value = 0.001; d, p-value = 0.002; e, p-value = 0.001). Panel c shows the number of total OTUs in each group and the number of OTUs shared between groups. Adult (n = 14), Subadult (n = 12) and Juvenile animals (n = 12).