Fig. 1.

Effects of heat stress with ACC treatment on phenotype and physiological properties of rice seedlings. a Phenotypes of 12-day-old rice seedlings exposed to heat treatment at 45 °C with or without 10 μM ACC for 4 days. The same results were observed for three independent experiments. Bar = 5 cm. Fresh weight (b), malondialdehyde (MDA) content (c), and electrolyte leakage (d) in rice seedlings exposed to heat treatment at 45 °C with or without 10 μM ACC for 4 days. Control check (CK). Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation based on 30 seedlings of each treatment obtained from three biologically independent experiments. Different letters indicate significant difference between the treatments assessed using the LSD post hoc test (P < 0.05)