Fig. 7.

Influence of phagocytosis inhibition on cytokine release induced by A. fumigatus and A. nidulans. IL-1β (a), TNFα (b), IL-6 (c), and IL-1Ra (d) release measured by ELISA in cell culture supernatants of human PBMCs (n = 10 donors) after stimulation with heat-inactivated A. fumigatus (Af293) or A. nidulans (CBS114.63) conidia, in the presence of 1 ng/mL of cytochalasin D or vehicle control. All bars represent the mean ± SEM; * p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. Statistical analysis was performed with the Mann-Whitney U test.