Aziz 1990 BGD.

Methods	CBA study
Participants	Number: exact numbers not presented, on average complete data available for 405 children Inclusion criteria: HHs with children aged < 5 years
Interventions	Intervention (2 villages): 148 new hand pumps (1 pump: 30 people on average) + free maintenance, 92% of HHs received a double pit water sealed latrine, hygiene education emphasising exclusive use of the pump water for all personal and domestic use and the need for all members of the HH, including young children to use the latrines. Control (3 villages): no intervention provided. ORS was given to sick children + referral to hospital if sick.
Outcomes	Diarrhoea incidence, case definition: ≥ 3 loose motions in a 24‐hour period. Recall period 7 days, an episode was considered complete after 2 diarrhoea‐free days. Dysentery incidence, case definition: blood was present in the stools. Persistent diarrhoea incidence, case definition: episodes of duration > 14 days Days of diarrhoea Anthropometry (weight for age, height for age, weight for height) (Hasan 1989; reference is listed under Aziz 1990 BGD)) Hand pump distance and use, defecation of children or disposal of their faeces in latrine (only reported in intervention arm)
Notes	Location: 5 villages in rural Bangladesh Length: 3 years (January 1984 to December 1987) Publication status: journal
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	High risk	No randomized allocation.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	High risk	No allocation concealment.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	NA
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	NA
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Total number of children or loss to follow‐up not reported.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Report on outcomes prespecified in methods.
Similarity of baseline outcome measurements	Low risk	Diarrhoea and anthropometry measures were similar at baseline.
Similarity of baseline characteristics	Unclear risk	Quote: "The two areas were comparable with respect to most sociodemographic and economic characteristics although the control area was slightly better off in terms of female education and socio‐economic level." Comment: however, no data presented.
Adequate allocation of intervention concealment during the study	High risk	Quote: "Project staff and the community under investigation knew that the aim of the study was to decrease the diarrhoea incidence."
Adequate protection against contamination	Low risk	The 2 areas were 5 km apart.
Confounders adequately adjusted for in analysis/design	High risk	No adjustments in the analysis.
Recruitment bias	Unclear risk	NA
Baseline imbalance	Unclear risk	NA
Loss of clusters	Unclear risk	NA
Incorrect analysis	Unclear risk	NA