Baltazar 1989 PHI.

Methods	Case‐control study
Participants	Cases: children aged < 2 years brought to clinic for diarrhoea, n = 275 (after excluding 6), 68% aged < 1 year Controls: children aged < 2 years brought to clinic for ARI without diarrhoea in past 24 hours, n = 381 (after excluding 3), 73% aged < 1 year
Interventions	Risk factor of interest: unsanitary vs sanitary disposal of stools: sanitary: child defecated in a nappy and faeces were thrown away in washing, child used potty/piece of paper and faecal matter was thrown in the toilet or child used the toilet; unsanitary: faecal matter was deposited elsewhere than latrine/child defecated outside (regardless of where faecal matter was finally thrown away).
Outcomes	Diarrhoea (no case definition) Rectal swabs for diagnosis of diarrhoea pathogens and carried out a subgroup analysis for laboratory‐confirmed cases.
Notes	Location: 16 clinics, Cebu area (urban and rural), Phillippines Length of recruitment: 5 months (June–October 1985) Publication status: journal
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	NA
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	NA
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	NA
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	NA
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	NA
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	NA
Other bias	Unclear risk	NA
Similarity of baseline outcome measurements	Unclear risk	NA
Similarity of baseline characteristics	Unclear risk	NA
Adequate allocation of intervention concealment during the study	Unclear risk	NA
Adequate protection against contamination	Unclear risk	NA
Confounders adequately adjusted for in analysis/design	Unclear risk	NA
Recruitment bias	Unclear risk	NA
Baseline imbalance	Unclear risk	NA
Loss of clusters	Unclear risk	NA
Incorrect analysis	Unclear risk	NA