Mathew 2004 ZIM.

Methods	Controlled cross‐sectional study
Participants	Number: 115 respondents Inclusion criteria: no details
Interventions	Intervention (2 villages): CHCs: structured weekly course of participatory health education classes. 15 health topics covered using PHAST techniques, within the hygiene lesson cover disposal of toddler's faeces in a latrine. Control (2 villages): no CHCs
Outcomes	Knowledge of risks and practices including: percentage of children aged < 5 years present at the time of observations not using a latrine.
Notes	Location: 4 rural villages, Bikita district, Zimbabwe Length of study: not specified Publication status: PhD thesis
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	High risk	Intervention not randomly allocated.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	High risk	Allocation not concealed.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	NA
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	NA
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Non‐response data not reported.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Tool for observations not available.
Other bias	Unclear risk	—
Similarity of baseline outcome measurements	Unclear risk	NA, not relevant to design.
Similarity of baseline characteristics	Unclear risk	NA, not relevant to design.
Adequate allocation of intervention concealment during the study	High risk	No blinding.
Adequate protection against contamination	Unclear risk	No details about distance or possibility for contamination.
Confounders adequately adjusted for in analysis/design	High risk	No adjustments for any confounders.
Recruitment bias	Unclear risk	NA
Baseline imbalance	Unclear risk	NA
Loss of clusters	Unclear risk	NA
Incorrect analysis	Unclear risk	NA