Figure 4.

HT29 and Caco-2 cells were treated with serial concentrations of adenine for 24 hours. Total RNA extraction was performed, and cDNA was produced reverse-transcriptionally from mRNA for real-time PCR of Atg5 (a) and Beclin1 (b). Total proteins of adenine-treated cells were extracted for western blotting. Primary antibodies against LC3-1 and LC3-II were used to evaluate the degrees of autophagosome formation (c). Tests were conducted in triplicate, and the data are presented as mean ± SD. ^∗p < 0.05 compared with 0 mM adenine.