Fig. 1.

Phantom imaging of fluorescent beads and wavefront measurements during Wavefront Sensor Adaptive Optics (WFS AO) and Wavefront Sensorless Adaptive Optics (WFS-less AO). (a) Fluorescence images of 30 µm beads on white paper with a 100 mm focal length model eye before AO, after WFS AO, and after WFS-less AO. For the inset image before AO, the pixel intensity values were multiplied by 8, so the beads could be visualized. (b) The increase in the fluorescence image quality during the WFS-less AO optimization. (c) The wavefront RMS excluding defocus, tip and tilt during WFS AO correction. (d) The wavefront RMS excluding defocus, tip and tilt during WFS-less AO optimization. (e) The Zernike decomposition of the wavefront measured before and after each method of AO correction.