Table 4. Models used for the validation and benchmarking of FullMonteCUDA.

Model	Tetrahedrons	GPU memory (MB)	Light Sources	Materials (µs [mm-1], µa [mm-1], g, n) 2
HeadNeck1	1088680	139	Isotropic Point,	tongue (83.3, 0.95, 0.93, 1.37)
			Pencil Beam,	tumour (9.35, 0.12, 0.92, 1.39)
			Fiber Cone	larynx (15, 0.55, 0.9, 1.36)
				teeth (60, 0.99, 0.95, 1.48)
				bone (100, 0.3, 0.9, 1.56)
				tissues (10, 1.49, 0.9, 1.35)
				fat (30, 0.2, 0.78, 1.32)
Bladder1	1706958	218	Isotropic Point,	air (0, 0, 0, 1.37)
			Pencil Beam,	urine (0.1, 0.01, 0.9 1.37)
			Volume,	surround (100, 0.5, 0.9, 1.39)
			Ball,
			Line,
			Fibre Cone
cube_5med [10]	48000	6.14	Isotropic Point	mat1 (20, 0.05, 0.9, 1.3)
				mat2 (10, 0.1, 0.7, 1.1)
				mat3 (20, 0.2, 0.8, 1.2)
				mat4 (10, 0.1, 0.9, 1.4)
				mat5 (20, 0.2, 0.9, 1.5)
FourLayer [10]	9600	1.22	Pencil Beam	layer1 (10, 0.05, 0.9, 1.3)
				layer2 (30, 0.1, 0.95, 1.5)
				layer3 (10, 0.05, 0.9, 1.3)
				layer4 (30, 0.1, 0.95, 1.5)

¹Material optical properties extracted from literature [39–47]

²Material properties: scattering coefficient (µ_s), absorption coefficient (µ_s), anistropy (g) and refractive index (n).