Xu 2014.

Methods	Cluster randomised trial
Participants	Who: All healthcare providers at the 11 intervention hospitals Number: 97 in intervention, 87 in control Proportion of eligible staff participating: Not reported
Interventions	Intervention description: Neonatal resuscitation cascaded through 11 intervention sites by 30 county healthcare providers trained in neonatal resuscitation and set up a provider education in his/her own hospitals within 6 months. Control: Routine training currently offered at their hospital (11 sites) Location: On‐site Delivered by: Healthcare workers trained in a cascade of training Length: Not clear Duration: Annual refresher courses delivered at the study sites.
Outcomes	Outcomes: Changes to resuscitation protocols, proportion of babies delivered with asphyxia, death from asphyxia Follow‐up: 3 years
Population studied	Description: Live births at study hospitals Number: Data collected on 120,563 births, 62,774 in intervention and 57,789 in control.
Funding Source	China‐Australia Health and HIV/AIDS Facility
Study Setting	22 hospitals in 2 Eastern Provinces in China
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not discussed
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not discussed
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Not possible as participants undertook training
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Not specifically considered but the outcomes were self‐reported with some evaluator checking
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not discussed but evaluators did not check all data, just a random sample
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All outcomes discussed in methods were reported in results.
Other bias	High risk	The trainers received some training equipment and some hospitals received a set of equipment; health facilities that did not receive resuscitation equipment were instead instructed to purchase it themselves. Setting up of new quality management team