Nisar 2011.

Methods	Cluster‐randomised trial
Participants	Who: Doctors working in emergency departments and labour room responsible for emergency management of general, obstetric, neonatal, and child health Number: 36 Proportion of eligible staff participating: The 50% assigned to the intervention participated.
Interventions	Intervention description: Training in essential surgical skills with emphasis on emergency maternal, neonatal, and child health Control: No training Location: Unclear Delivered by: Advanced Life Support Group certified instructors Length: 5 days Duration: Single intervention
Outcomes	Outcomes: Structured approach to emergency management Follow‐up: 4 to 6 weeks
Population studied	Description: Patients experiencing life‐threatening emergencies Number: A total of 248 life‐threatening episodes observed, 124 in each arm.
Funding Source	PAIMAN Project Pakistan
Study Setting	3 public sector hospitals in Pakistan
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Computer generated
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Carried out by person not involved in training or observation of practice
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Not possible as they attended training
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Blinded and instructed not to ask people about their allocation
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not discussed
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Reported outcome as planned in methods
Other bias	High risk	There may have been discussion between trained and untrained people working in the same unit, therefore there may have been contamination between groups.