Fig. 2.

The effects of intrathecal administration of the proteasome inhibitors epoxomicin and MG-132 on reflex withdrawal responses to noxious thermal, innocuous mechanical, and innocuous cold stimuli in CCI rats. Data are presented as the mean paw withdrawal latency (in seconds) to noxious thermal stimulation (a,b), paw withdrawal threshold in milliNewtons per millimeters squared (mN/mm²) to mechanical stimulation (c, d), and suspended paw elevation time in seconds [SPET(s)] to cold water (at 4°C) (e, f), before and after intrathecal administration of epoxomicin (0.75 nmol/50 μl) (a–c) and MG-132 (5 nmol/50 μl) (d–f), respectively (atarrow). Injection of vehicle (0.5% dimethylformamide in saline) had no detectable effect on reflexes. Paw withdrawal latency from noxious heat and innocuous cold stimuli ipsilateral to CCI showed significant differences between pre-drug and post-drug administration values (^†p < 0.05; one-way ANOVA, followed by a Dunnett's post hoc test). Significant differences between contralateral and ipsilateral paw are indicated (*p < 0.05; Student's paired t test). Paw withdrawal thresholds to mechanical stimulation ipsilateral to CCI showed significant differences between pre-drug and post-drug administration values (^†p < 0.05; Kruskal–Wallis one-way ANOVA, followed by a post hocDunn's test). Significant differences between contralateral and ipsilateral paw withdrawal thresholds are indicated (*p< 0.05; Mann–Whitney U test).