CNP antagonizes BDNF-induced proliferation and promotes the formation, survival, and process outgrowth of more mature neurons. Primary cultures were prepared and incubated in control medium or in medium containing BDNF alone, CNP alone, or a combination of the two as indicated. A, The effect of BDNF and CNP both together and separately on BrdU incorporation in NST-positive neurons over a 6 hr time course. B, The effect of BDNF and CNP on the number of NST-positive cells in culture over a 72 hr time course; data have been normalized to 3 hr control values.C, The effect of BDNF and CNP on the number of OMP-positive cells in culture over a 72 hr time course; data were normalized to 8 hr control values. In all cases, the concentration of BDNF was 50 ng/ml and the concentration of CNP was 50 nm. Statistics were calculated by ANOVA followed by Student'st tests; * p < 0.05; **p < 0.001. n = 8 counts from each of two wells per treatment from triplicate experiments.D, Photographs of ORNs in primary culture immunostained with anti-NST in the presence of either BDNF alone or BDNF and CNP, demonstrating the differences seen in process outgrowth between the two treatments. E, Graph showing the number of cells displaying processes versus non-process-bearing cells in cultures treated with BDNF, CNP, or BDNF and CNP combined. nrepresents 15 counts per well from two wells per treatment from triplicate experiments; *p < 0.05.