Figure 6.

Interactions between anti-Alzheimer’s disease drugs and antipsychotics in induction of extrapyramidal side effects (EPS). Bradykinesia was estimated by the pole test, where mice were placed head-upward at the top of a pole (45 cm in height) and the time for mice to rotate downward (T_turn) and to descend to the floor (T_descent) was measured (Ohno et al., 2008a). Bradykinesia was evaluated as the prolongation of T_turn or T_descent Values. Although low dose (0.5 mg/kg) of haloperidol showed marginal effects in the pole test, combined treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors, donepezil, and galantamine, markedly potentiated haloperidol-induced bradykinesia in a synergistic manner. By contrast, the NMDA antagonist, memantine, significantly reduced bradykinesia induced by a high dose (1 mg/kg) of haloperidol. *P<0.05, **P,0.01; Significantly different from the control values. This figure is partly quoted and arranged from J. Pharmacol. Sci. 127, 439, 2015.