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Histological patterns of BK virus renal allograft nephropathy (hematoxylin-eosin-stained paraffin section, 400×). (A) Stage A: viral cytopathic changes in nearly normal renal parenchyma, (B) Stage B: more severe cellular damage with a combination of viral cytopathic changes and focal/multifocal areas of tubular atrophy and/or interstitial fibrosis, and (C) Stage C: extensive tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis.
