Figure 1.

Concentrations of sVCAM-1 (A) and TNF-α (B) in control, OSA, COPD, and OS groups. The concentrations of sVCAM-1 and TNF-α in the OS group were significantly higher than the OSA and COPD groups. ^∗P < 0.05 vs. control, ^†P < 0.05 vs. OSA, ^‡P < 0.05 vs. COPD, ^§P < 0.05 vs. OS. COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; OS: Overlap syndrome; OSA: Obstructive sleep apnea; sVCAM-1: Soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α.