Table 1. Factors associated with burnout, univariable analysis.
| Variable | Burnout No | Burnout Yes | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Participant sociodemographics, depression, and personality type D | |||
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 33.7 (10.3) | 33.8 (10.1) | 0.948 |
| Gender, n (%) | 0.089 | ||
| Male | 73 (34) | 142 (66) | |
| Female | 126 (41.3) | 179 (58.7) | |
| Marital Status, n (%) | 0.075 | ||
| Married | 123 (40.9) | 178 (59.1) | |
| Widowed/divorced | 9 (22.5) | 31 (77.5) | |
| Single | 66 (37.1) | 112 (62.9) | |
| Children less than 5 years old, n (%) | 0.339 | ||
| No | 119 (36.4) | 208 (63.6) | |
| Yes | 76 (40.6) | 111 (59.4) | |
| Stress due to financial situation in the past 7 days, n (%) | 0.006 | ||
| None | 55 (49.5) | 56 (50.5) | |
| Yes | 144 (35.2) | 265 (64.8) | |
| At-risk alcohol use (>/ = 8)* n (%) | 0.331 | ||
| No | 189 (38.8) | 298 (61.2) | |
| Yes | 10 (30.3) | 23 (69.7) | |
| Other drug use, n (%) | 0.628 | ||
| Never | 197 (38.2) | 319 (61.8) | |
| A few times a year | 2 (50) | 2 (50) | |
| Depression- positive screen (>/ = 8), n (%) | 0.002 | ||
| No | 194 (40.2) | 289 (59.8) | |
| Yes | 5 (13.9) | 31 (81.6) | |
| Suicidal Ideation, n (%) | 0.085 | ||
| No | 195 (39.1) | 304 (60.9) | |
| Yes | 4 (20) | 16 (80) | |
| History of Depression, n (%) | 0.072 | ||
| No | 194 (39.1) | 302 (60.9) | |
| Yes | 5 (20.8) | 19 (79.2) | |
| Personality Type D, n (%) | <0.0001 | ||
| No | 181 (42.1) | 249 (57.9) | |
| Yes | 17 (19.1) | 72 (80.9) | |
| Work related demographics and environment | |||
| Type of HCW, n (%) | 0.487 | ||
| Medical Officer/Clinical officer/Medical assistant | 69 (36.3) | 121 (63.7) | |
| Nurse midwife technician/state registered nurse | 130 (39.4) | 200 (60.6) | |
| Years worked as a health care worker, median (IQR) | 6 (3–10) | 5 (3–11) | 0.856 |
| Health facility type, n (%) | 0.035 | ||
| District Hospital | 54 (40.3) | 80 (59.7) | |
| Rural Hospital | 44 (48.9) | 46 (51.1) | |
| Health center or other | 101 (34.1) | 195 (65.9) | |
| Number of hours worked in a week, n (%) | 0.494 | ||
| Less than 40 hours | 12 (34.3) | 23 (65.7) | |
| 40–50 hours | 94 (40.9) | 136 (59.1) | |
| 51–60 hours | 28 (41.2) | 40 (58.8) | |
| More than 60 hours | 63 (34.2) | 121 (65.8) | |
| Time spent providing direct clinical care, n (%) | 0.820 | ||
| All of my time | 97 (39) | 152 (61) | |
| >75% | 77 (37.6) | 128 (62.4) | |
| 50% | 16 (39) | 25 (61) | |
| <50% or don’t provide clinical care | 6 (28.6) | 15 (71.4) | |
| How many clients do you see in a typical day, n (%) | 0.024 | ||
| < 25 hours | 60 (47.2) | 67 (52.8) | |
| 25 to <50 hours | 75 (40.5) | 110 (59.5) | |
| 50 to 100 hours | 37 (34.6) | 70 (65.4) | |
| >100 hours | 22 (27.2) | 59 (72.8) | |
| Do you feel that you have adequate facility resources to provide quality care to patients, n (%) | 0.062 | ||
| No | 130 (35.7) | 234 (64.3) | |
| Yes | 69 (44.5) | 86 (55.5) | |
| Do you think your department needs additional members to accomplish your tasks, n (%) | 0.034 | ||
| No | 23 (53.5) | 20 (46.5) | |
| Yes | 175 (36.8) | 300 (63.2) | |
| How would you classify your work environment, n (%) | 0.077 | ||
| Very supportive | 26 (53.1) | 23 (46.9) | |
| Supportive | 141 (37 | 240 (63) | |
| Not supportive | 31 (35.2) | 57 (64.8) | |
| Do you feel supported by your supervisor, n (%) | 0.016 | ||
| Very supported | 35 (53.8) | 30 (46.2) | |
| Supported | 139 (36.9) | 238 (63.1) | |
| Not supported | 24 (32) | 51 (68) | |
| How much control do you feel that you have over your work schedule and tasks, n (%) | 0.109 | ||
| A lot | 62 (34.4) | 118 (65.6) | |
| Some | 93 (37.2) | 118 (65.6) | |
| Not much | 34 (45.9) | 40 (54.1) | |
| None | 8 (61.5) | 5 (38.5) | |
| Do you need to perform work outside your regular duties to supplement your income, n (%) | 0.166 | ||
| No | 32 (45.7) | 38 (54.3) | |
| Yes | 166 (37.1) | 282 (62.9) | |
| Do you feel that you have opportunities for career growth, n (%) | 0.199 | ||
| No | 27 (31.8) | 58 (68.2) | |
| Yes | 168 (39.2) | ||
| Do you enjoy your workmates/colleagues, n (%) | 0.007 | ||
| No | 6 (16.7) | 30 (83.3) | |
| Yes | 190 (39.6) | 290 (60.4) | |
| Is there anyone at work who you have great difficulty working with, n (%) | 0.000 | ||
| No | 143 (44.4) | 179 (55.6) | |
| Yes | 55 (28.1) | 141 (71.9) | |
| Satisfied with work/team interaction, n (%) | <0.0001 | ||
| No | 57 (27.5) | 150 (72.5) | |
| Yes | 139 (45) | 170 (55) | |
| Career Satisfaction | |||
| Would you choose to become a health worker again, n (%) | 0.027 | ||
| No | 15 (25) | 45 (75) | |
| Yes | 181 (39.8) | 274 (60.2) | |
| Would you recommend that to your children that they consider a career as a health worker, n (%) | 0.066 | ||
| No | 172 (40) | 258 (60) | |
| Yes | 26 (29.5) | 62 (70.5) | |
| If you could, would you switch to another career outside of health care, n (%) | 0.002 | ||
| No | 164 (42.2) | 225 (57.8) | |
| Yes | 32 (26.2) | 90 (73.8) | |
| Sum of career items | 0.024 | ||
| 0 | 7 (18.4) | 31 (81.6) | |
| 1 | 11 (31.4) | 24 (68.6) | |
| 2 | 29 (34.5) | 55 (65.5) | |
| 3 | 147 (41.9) | 204 (58.1) | |
| Sum if career items, mean (SD) | 2.63 (0.75) | 2.38 (0.99) | 0.001 |
Analyses by chi-square test unless otherwise noted.