Table 1. Descriptive characteristics of study groups.
| Characteristic | Premenopausal Women (n = 145) |
Postmenopausal Women (n = 170) |
|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 47.1 ± 0.3 | 52.9 ± 0.3a |
| Estrogen (pg/mL) | 94.3 ± 6.3 | 10.1 ± 0.5a |
| FSH (mU/mL) | 17.0 ± 1.6 | 57.5 ± 2.0a |
| Hemoglobin (mmol/L) | 8.6 ± 0.07 | 9.0 ± 0.06a |
| Hematocrit (%) | 42.8 ± 0.29 | 43.9 ± 0.30b |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.65 ± 0.22 | 5.72 ± 0.20 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.29 ± 0.08 | 5.76 ± 0.09a |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 2.09 ± 0.12 | 2.15 ± 0.10 |
| HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.41 ± 0.03 | 1.47 ± 0.03 |
| Systolic tension (mm Hg) | 122 ± 1.3 | 125 ± 1.2 |
| Diastolic tension (mm Hg) | 82 ± 0.8 | 84 ± 0.7 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.03 ± 0.37 | 29.69 ± 0.39 |
| Anxiety | 37 (26%, 19–33%) | 55 (32%, 25–39%) |
| Depressive mood | 35 (24%, 17–31%) | 51 (30%, 23–37%) |
| Insomnia | 74 (51%, 43–59%) | 110 (65%, 58–72%)c |
| Smokers (> 2 cigarettes/d) | 28 (19%, 13–25%) | 15 (9%, 5–13%)c |
| Caffeinated beverages intake (> 2 cups/d) | 49 (34%, 26–42%) | 48 (28%, 21–35%) |
| Alcohol intake (> 2 glasses/d) | 7 (5%, 1–9%) | 7 (4%, 1–7%) |
| Sedentary (<30 min/d of physical activity) | 90 (62%, 58–66%) | 99 (58%, 51–65%) |
| Overweight/obesity (> 25 kg/m2) | 122 (84%) | 144 (85%) |
FSH, Follicle stimulating hormone; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Quantitative data show means ± standard error; categorical data show frequency, percentage and 95% confidence interval. The p values were calculated with two sample t-test,
ap< 0.0001,
bp = 0.01 and chi square test,
cp< 0.05.