Table 5. The dose–response association between air pollutants and RVO risk, by gender.
| Pollutant category | Tertiles of average daily pollutanta | Population | RVO | PY | Adjusted HRb (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| THC | T1 (lowest) | Total (n = 855,297) |
115 | 3,715,993 | 1 (Ref) |
| T2 | 254 | 3,644,148 | 2.33 (1.87,2.91)‡ | ||
| T3 (highest) | 1,138 | 2,995,396 | 13.52 (11.06,16.53)‡ | ||
| T1 (lowest) | Male (n = 441,290) |
67 | 1,818,182 | 1 (Ref) | |
| T2 | 124 | 1,868,926 | 1.84 (1.37,2.48)‡ | ||
| T3 (highest) | 587 | 1,597,860 | 10.80 (8.27,14.09)‡ | ||
| T1 (lowest) | Female (n = 414,007) |
48 | 1,897,812 | 1 (Ref) | |
| T2 | 130 | 1,775,222 | 3.02 (2.17,4.20)‡ | ||
| T3 (highest) | 551 | 1,397,536 | 17.31 (12.74,23.53)‡ | ||
| NMHC | T1 (lowest) | Total (n = 855,297) |
383 | 3,174,514 | 1 (Ref) |
| T2 | 351 | 3,782,958 | 1.09 (0.94,1.26) | ||
| T3 (highest) | 773 | 3,398,065 | 2.59 (2.25,2.97)‡ | ||
| T1 (lowest) | Male (n = 441,290) |
193 | 1,635,739 | 1 (Ref) | |
| T2 | 175 | 1,875,529 | 1.16 (0.95,1.43) | ||
| T3 (highest) | 410 | 1,773,699 | 2.63 (2.17,3.19)‡ | ||
| T1 (lowest) | Female (n = 414,007) |
190 | 1,538,774 | 1 (Ref) | |
| T2 | 176 | 1,907,429 | 1.02 (0.83,1.25) | ||
| T3 (highest) | 363 | 1,624,366 | 2.55 (2.09,3.11)‡ |
Note: RVO, retinal vein occlusion; PY, person-years; HR, hazard ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; THC, total hydrocarbons; NMHC, nonmethane hydrocarbons.
5:21 PMaTertile values in ppm (THC, NMHC) were as follows:
THC (T1 level: < 2.28, T2 level: ≥ 2.28 and < 2.40, T3 level: ≥ 2.40); NMHC (T1 level: < 0.29, T2 level: ≥ 0.29 and < 0.36, T3 level: ≥ 0.36).
bCox regression models were adjusted for age, gender, comorbidities, and ambient temperature.
*p < 0.05,
‡p < 0.001.