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. 2019 Sep 24;14(9):e0222558. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222558

Fig 2. Effects 1-triple TTA (1-tTTA) on fatty acid metabolism and plasma insulin and glucose levels both in vivo and in vitro.

Fig 2

(a) Rats were treated with vehicle (control) or 100 mg/kg body weight 1-tTTA for 3 weeks and palmitoyl-CoA oxidation in liver was measured (n = 5–8). (b) Oleic acid oxidation and (c) oleic acid uptake, measured as described in Materials and Methods, in human Huh7 liver cells treated with vehicle (control) or 1-triple-TTA for 48 h (n = 6–8). (d) Gene expression of cytochrome c-1 (CycC), CD36 molecule (CD36), uncoupling protein (UCP)2 and UCP3 in Huh7 cells treated with 10 μM 1-tTTA for 48 h (n = 6–8). (e) Oleic acid oxidation and uptake in human myotubes treated with 10 μM 1-tTTA for 96 h (n = 4). (f) Plasma glucose, (g) insulin, and (h) insulin/glucose ratio in rats treated with vehicle (control) or 1-tTTA for 3 weeks (n = 5–8). Values shown are means with standard deviation. Statistically significant differences between means were determined using Students t-test, *p < 0.05 vs. control.