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. 2019 Sep 20;13:1577–1587. doi: 10.2147/PPA.S212723

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© 2019 Witkop et al.

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Prevalence of diagnosed depression, by PHQ-9 score^a (A) and of diagnosed anxiety, by GAD-7 score^b (B). Percentages were based on n=186 and n=184, respectively. P≤0.001 and P<0.01, based on χ² analysis, respectively.

Notes: ^aPHQ-9 score ≥10 was designated as the criterion for moderate to severe depression, and PHQ-9 score <10 was the criterion for mild or no depression, based on the literature.⁸ ^bGAD-7 score ≥10 was designated as the criterion for moderate-to-severe anxiety, and GAD-7 score <10 was the criterion for mild or no anxiety, based on the literature.⁷

Abbreviations: GAD-7, 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale; PHQ-9, 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale.