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. 2019 Sep 20;13:1577–1587. doi: 10.2147/PPA.S212723

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© 2019 Witkop et al.

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Prevalence of participants’ level of pain control, stratified by presence of moderate-to-severe (A) depression (P≤0.001, χ² analysis) or (B) anxiety (P<0.05, χ² analysis). ^aPercentages were based on n=193.

Notes: ^aBased on the literature, PHQ-9 score ≥10 and GAD-7 score ≥10 were designated as the criteria for moderate-to-severe depression and anxiety, respectively; PHQ-9 score <10 and GAD-7 score <10 were designated as the criteria for mild or no depression and anxiety, respectively.⁷^,⁸

Abbreviations: GAD-7, 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale; PHQ-9, 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale.