Table 7.
Cognitive and language findings of nfvPA-MND, svPA-MND, and bvFTD-MND at presentation.
| PA-MND | bvFTD-MND | ALS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group | 1 | 2 | 3 | Controls | SR |
| General functioning | |||||
| MMSE | 25.3 ±3.1 | 26.7 ±1.2 | 24.6 ± 4.7 | 29.7 ± 0.5 | |
| CDR Total | 0.5 ±0.0 | 0.8 ±0.6 | 1.2 ± 0.7 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | |
| CDR Sum of boxes | 2.5 ±1.3 | 4.7 ±3.2 | 6.4 ± 3.9 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | |
| NPI Total | 22.0 ± 3.6 | 41.0 ±20.8 | 34.9 ±20.0 | 0.5 ± 0.7 | |
| GDS Total | 10.0 ±7.2 | 8.9 ±5.2 | 5.7 ± 4.1 | 3.9 ± 3.4 | |
| Total behavior ratings | 1, 3 | n/a | 5.3 ± 5.4 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | |
| Cognition | |||||
| CVLT-MS Total free recall | 23.3 ±6.7 | 15.9 ±3.3 | 21.5 ± 6.1 | 29.9 ± 3.3 | 2 vs. 3 |
| CVLT-MS free recall at 10min | 6.3 ±2.5 | 2.1 ±1.3 | 3.9 ± 2.5 | 7.9 ± 1.0 | 1 vs. 2 |
| Benson figure recall | 11.7 ±1.5 | 8.9 ±3.0 | 8.2 ± 4.7 | 12.8 ± 3.2 | |
| Benson figure copy | 15.3 ±0.6 | 15.6 ±1.1 | 14.5 ± 2.7 | 16.3 ± 1.0 | |
| Modified Trails | 0.02, 0.02 | 0.02 ±0.02 | 0.03 ± 0.02 | 0.04 ± 0.02 | |
| Calculation | 3.7 ±1.5 | 4.8 ±0.5 | 3.6 ± 1.6 | 4.9± 0.3 | |
| Digits Backward | 3.3 ±0.6 | 4.4 ±1.3 | 3.9 ± 1.7 | 5.3 ± 1.3 | |
| Speech and language | |||||
| AOS Severity (MSE, 7) | 2 | 0.0 ±0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 1 vs. 2, 1 vs. 3 |
| Dysarthria Severity (MSE, 7) | 5 | 0.0 ±0.0 | 1.3 ± 1.2 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 1 vs. 2 |
| Verbal agility (6) | 0, 4 | 5.7 ±0.6 | 3.5 ± 2.1 | 5.5± 0.5 | |
| Speech fluency (WAB, 10) | 6 | 9.7 ±0.6 | 8.3 ± 3.1 | 10.0 ± 0.0 | |
| Information Content (WAB, 10) | 10 | 9.0 ±1.0 | 8.3 ± 3.2 | 4.3 ± 5.1 | |
| Sentence repetition (5) | 2, 5 | 4.0 ±1.0 | 3.9 ± 1.3 | 5.0 ± 0.0 | |
| Syntax comprehension (short CYCLE, 55) | 39 | 50.5 ±5.1 | 49 ± 9.5 | 54.3 ± 1.1 | |
| Sentence comprehension (5) | 3, 4 | 5.0 ±0.0 | 3.8 ± 0.7 | 5.0 ± 0.0 | 1 vs. 2, 2 vs. 3 |
| Single-word comprehension (PPVT, 16) | 14.3 ±1.5 | 10.2 ±0.5 | 13.2 ± 3.2 | 15.7 ± 0.6 | 1 vs. 2, 2 vs. 3 |
| Boston Naming Test (15) | 11.7 ±2.1 | 6.3 ±4.0 | 12.3 ± 2.1 | 14.8 ± 0.7 | 2 vs. 3 |
| Phonemic fluency (D-words/min) | 3.0 ±1.7 | 8.4 ±3.5 | 6.2 ± 4.1 | 15.2 ± 4.7 | 1 vs. 2 |
| Semantic fluency (animals/min) | 9.0 ±3.6 | 6.9 ±1.9 | 10.7 ± 6.1 | 23.9 ± 5.4 | |
| PPTP Total (52) | 50.0 ±1.0 | 36.7 ±10.7 | 45.4 ± 5.4 | 51.7 ± 0.6 | |
| Reading, regular words (PALPA, 30) | n/a | 29.7 ±0.6 | 30.0 ± 0.0 | 30.0 ± 0.0 | |
| Reading, irregular words (PALPA, 30) | n/a | 25 ±6.2 | 29.5 ± 0.7 | 29.8 ± 0.4 | |
MMSE: Mini–mental state examination; CDR: Clinical Dementia Rating; NPI: Neuropsychiatric Inventory; GDS: Geriatric Dementia Scale; CVLT-MS: California verbal learning test-mental tatus; PPTP: pyramids and palm trees-pictures; AOS: apraxia of speech; MSE: motor speech evaluation; WAB: western aphasia battery; CYCLE: Curtiss-Yamada comprehensive language evaluation; n/a = not applicable or not available; PALPA: psycholinguistic assessments of language processing in aphasia; nfvPA-MND: non fluent variant of progressive aphasia with motor neuron disease; svPA-MND: semantic variant of progressive aphasia with motor neuron disease; bvFTD-MND: behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia with motor neuron disease. SR: significant results for comparison between groups (p < 0.05)
Reported values are mean ± SD.