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. 2019 Sep 18;10:1122. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01122

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Copyright © 2019 Morrell and Sadanandom

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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A variety of the different effects SUMO can have on a target substrate. A- SUMO can aid interaction with proteins containing a SIM site. B- SUMO can change the cellular localization of a protein—for example, directing the protein to the nucleus. C- SUMO can protect substrates from degradation by blocking lysine residues in substrates that may be ubiquitinated. D- SUMO binding to a protein can alter its structure activating the protein. E- SUMOylated proteins can signal to STuBL proteins to target for degradation via ubiquitination. F- SUMO can block interaction with proteins by blocking binding sites.