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. 2019 Aug 16;34(9):823–835. doi: 10.1007/s10654-019-00551-0

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 4 — Estimated (relative) effects of obesity on HDL levels by different levels of physical activity or energy intake. Fitted quadratic curves have been inserted (vertically shifted in order for treatment effects at x = 0 to represent individuals in the reference group)