Table 6.
Adjusted mixed‐effects regression models for between‐group difference in absolute changes in mean blood pressures between HIV‐infected and HIV‐uninfected participants stratified by gender, UGANDAC study 2019
| Characteristic | Women | Men | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | Mean diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | Mean systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | Mean diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | |||||
|
Model 1 Coeff (95% CI) |
Model 2 Coeff (95% CI) |
Model 1 Coeff (95% CI) |
Model 2 Coeff (95% CI) |
Model 1 Coeff (95% CI) |
Model 2 Coeff (95% CI) |
Model 1 Coeff (95% CI) |
Model 2 Coeff (95% CI) |
|
| Age (y) | 0.2 (−0.1, 0.5) | 0.4 (0.04, 0.7)* | 0.1 (−0.2, 0.2) | 0.1 (−0.2, 0.3) | 0.2 (−0.1, 0.5) | 0.2 (−0.1, 0.5) | −0.1 (−0.2, 0.2) | −0.1 (−0.2, 0.2) |
| HIV‐infected | −8.8 (−14.3, −3.2)** | −8.4 (−14.0, −2.8)** | −7.0 (−10.5, −3.6)*** | −6.6 (−10.0, −3.1)*** | −7.4 (−12.2, −2.6)** | −7.4 (−12.2, −2.6)** | −6.1 (−9.6, −2.7)*** | −5.9 (−9.4, −2.4)*** |
| HIV‐uninfected | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
| HIV serostatus and year | ||||||||
| HIV‐uninfected year 0 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
| HIV‐uninfected year 1 | −7.1 (−10.3, −3.8)*** | −6.7 (−10.7, −2.7)*** | −6.1 (−8.4, −3.8)*** | −6.0 (−8.7, −3.3)*** | −4.9 (−6.0, −1.7)** | −6.1 (−9.8, −2.5)*** | −3.7 (−5.9, −1.4)*** | −5.2 (−7.7, −1.0)*** |
| HIV‐uninfected year 2 | −9.1 (−11.0, −5.2)*** | −8.5 (−14.1, −2.9)** | −5.6 (−8.2, −3.0)*** | −5.8 (−9.6, −2.1)** | −3.5 (−7.0, 0.1)* | −3.6 (−6.0, 0.7) | −2.2 (−4.6, 0.2) | −4.2 (−5.0, −1.4)** |
| HIV‐uninfected year 3 | −7.3 (−12.6, −2.1)** | −2.0 (−5.5, 1.4) | −2.7 (−7.0, 1.6) | 0.2 (−2.8, 3.1) | ||||
| HIV‐uninfected year 4 | −1.5 (−15.2, 12.2) | 2.0 (−7.4, 11.3) | 2.9 (−6.5, 12.3) | −0.1 (−6.5, 6.4) | ||||
| HIV‐infected year 0 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
| HIV‐infected year 1 | −1.4 (−4.5, 1.7) | −1.2 (−4.4, 1.9) | −2.0 (−4.2, 0.2) | −2.2 (−4.3, 0.1) | 0.5 (−2.7, 3.8) | 1.1 (−2.3, 4.5) | 0.5 (−1.8, 2.8) | 1.0 (−1.2, 3.2) |
| HIV‐infected year 2 | 0.1 (−3.6, 3.8) | −2.2 (−6.1, 1.8) | 0.9 (−1.5, 3.4) | −0.2 (−2.8, 2.5) | 0.4 (−3.0, 3.8) | 0.1 (−2.0, 4.1) | 2.8 (0.4, 5.2)* | 2.1 (−0.5, 4.7) |
| HIV‐infected year 3 | 3.4 (−1.4, 8.2) | 2.9 (−0.2, 6.1) | 2.0 (−2.2, 6.1) | 4.1 (1.3, 7.0)** | ||||
| HIV‐infected year 4 | 4.7 (−2.8, 12.1) | 3.9 (−1.0, 8.8) | 7.9 (1.2, 14.5)* | 8.2 (3.6, 12.7)*** | ||||
| Smoking, n (%) | ||||||||
| Never | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Current | −2.1 (−9.7, 5.4) | 3.3 (−6.6, 13.2) | −6.0 (−11.2, −0.8)* | −5.3 (−11.7, 1.2) | −8.1 (−12.7, −3.5)*** | −8.3 (−13.3, −3.3)*** | −5.02 (−8.2, −1.8)** | −4.12 (−7.7, −0.5)* |
| Former | 2.0 (−1.4, 5.4) | 0.9 (−3.2, 4.9) | −0.9 (−3.2, 1.4) | −1.5 (−4.1, 1.1) | −3.7 (−7.5, −0.1)* | −3.5 (−7.5, 0.5) | −3.37 (−5.9, −0.8) | −2.72 (−5.5, 0.1) |
| Physical activity | ||||||||
| Low‐intensity activity | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Moderate activity | −3.0 (−13.2, 7.2) | −2.0 (−13.7, 9.6) | −2.3 (−9.4, 4.8) | −3.8 (−11.6, 4.0) | 6.5 (−2.4, 15.5) | 3.9 (−6.8, 14.6) | 3.5 (−2.9, 9.9) | 3.7 (−3.5, 10.9) |
| Vigorous activity | −4.4 (−11.9, 3.1) | −4.6 (−12.3, 3.0) | −5.1 (−10.3, 0.1)* | −4.7 (−9.9, 0.4) | 5.0 (−1.9, 11.9) | 1.5 (−6.7, 9.7) | 2.4 (−2.6, 7.3) | 0.7 (−4.7, 6.3) |
| Serum albumin (per 1 g/dL) | 4.4 (0.1, 8.8)* | 3.5 (0.6, 6.4)* | 6.1 (1.9, 10.3)** | 2.7 (−0.1, 5.5) | ||||
The coefficient represents the difference in BP change per year between the category of interest and the reference category. Physical activity: low‐intensity activity (activity with <3 metabolic equivalents [MET] h/wk; moderate activity (activity with 3 to <6 MET h/wk); vigorous activity (activity with ≥6 METS h/wk).
*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001