Figure 1.

Txnip is degraded in GAS-infected macrophages. (A) RAW264.7 cells were infected with the indicated MOI of GAS strain NZ131 (serotype M49) for 1 h. At different hours postinfection (hpi), Txnip expression was measured using Western blot analysis. GAPDH is used as an internal control. (B) Expression of Trx in GAS-infected RAW 264.7 cells at the indicated hpi is shown. (C) The concentrations of glucose in culture media with or without GAS infection were determined at the indicated hpi. Data are shown as the means ± SD of triplicate cultures. *p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001; ^#p < 0.05; ^###p < 0.001 compared with the culture medium alone. (D) Expression of Txnip and Trx in GAS-infected BMDMs and THP-1 cells at different hpi were detected. (E) Txnip expression in cells infected with the speB wild-type strain NZ131 and the speB-deleted strain SW574 at the indicated hpi was measured. GAPDH is used as an internal control. The expression ratios of Txnip and Trx to internal controls are shown. Protein molecular weights (MW) are indicated in kilodaltons. Western blot results represent at least two independent experiments.