Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of 56 Patients With Chronic Heart Failure, Chronic Kidney Disease, and Anemia
| Hb‐Stable Group (n=18) | Hb‐Rise Group (n=19) | Control Group (n=19) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 78 (69–81) | 74 (70–80) | 72 (66–77) | 0.65 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 10 (56) | 13 (68) | 14 (74) | 0.49 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.1±4.9 | 25.7±3.6 | 27.4±4.3 | 0.54 |
| eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 36±14 | 35±12 | 34±16 | 0.94 |
| NT‐proBNP, pg/mL | 1767 (762–3127) | 1373 (524–2151) | 1680 (659–2610) | 0.78 |
| Etiology of heart failure | 0.43 | |||
| Ischemic, n (%) | 9 (50) | 13 (68) | 13 (68) | |
| Hypertensive, n (%) | 3 (17) | 3 (16) | 3 (16) | |
| Valvular, n (%) | 2 (11) | 1 (5) | 3 (16) | |
| Other, n (%) | 4 (22) | 2 (11) | 0 (0) | |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 5 (28) | 7 (37) | 7 (37) | 0.80 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 14 (78) | 13 (68) | 16 (84) | 0.51 |
| Smoking status | 0.05 | |||
| Never smoker, n (%) | 10 (56) | 5 (26) | 3 (16) | |
| Former smoker, n (%) | 7 (39) | 13 (68) | 12 (63) | |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 1 (6) | 1 (5) | 4 (21) | |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 11.7±0.8 | 11.8±1.1 | 11.8±0.8 | 0.94 |
| Hematocrit, % | 36±3 | 35±4 | 35±3 | 0.89 |
| MCV, fL | 90±4 | 91±4 | 89±4 | 0.61 |
| Reticulocytes, % | 1.1±0.3 | 1.2±0.4 | 1.1±0.4 | 0.85 |
| RDW (%) | 14.5 (13.4–15.2) | 13.6 (13.2–14.3) | 14.2 (13.1–15.1) | 0.48 |
| EPO, IU/L | 13 (7–15) | 14 (10–19) | 15 (5–17) | 0.64 |
| Iron, μmol/L | 11.4±5.4 | 11.8±4.4 | 11.8±3.5 | 0.96 |
| Ferritin, μg/L | 127 (87–179) | 136 (71–307) | 128 (76–164) | 0.81 |
| TSAT, % | 22±13 | 23±9 | 22±7 | 0.99 |
| Hepcidin, ng/mL | 6.6 (2.8–8.7) | 6.6 (4.1–11.5) | 5.7 (3.3–7.9) | 0.28 |
| Calcium, mmol/L | 2.34±0.14 | 2.29±0.08 | 2.30±0.12 | 0.32 |
| Phosphate, mmol/L | 1.2±0.2 | 1.2±0.1 | 1.1±0.2 | 0.56 |
| PTH, pmol/L | 10.0 (6.0–11.2) | 11.9 (6.9–19.2) | 12.0 (6.6–20.1) | 0.34 |
| cFGF23, RU/mL | 162 (110–239) | 205 (69–442) | 315 (127–685) | 0.17 |
| iFGF23, pg/mL | 89 (53–114) | 118 (46–235) | 115 (77–248) | 0.11 |
| hs‐CRP, mg/dL | 2.8 (1.1–11.0) | 6.8 (1.7–11.4) | 4.3 (1.7–6.9) | 0.44 |
Mean±SD or median (interquartile range) are shown. Differences between groups were calculated with 1‐way ANOVA for normally distributed data, with Kruskal‐Wallis test for skewed distributed data, and chi‐squared test for categorical data. BMI indicates body mass index; cFGF23, C‐terminal fibroblast growth factor 23; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; EPO, erythropoietin; Hb, hemoglobin; hs‐CRP, high‐sensitivity CRP; iFGF23, intact fibroblast growth factor 23; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide; PTH, parathyroid hormone; RDW, red cell distribution width; TSAT, transferrin saturation.