Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Study Cohort Stratified by Incident Hypertension
| Characteristics | No incident Hypertension (n=8360) | Hypertension (n=2000) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 39.7±7.2 | 42±6.8 | <0.001 |
| Sex | |||
| Men | 5941 (71.0) | 1895 (94.7) | <0.001 |
| Women | 2419 (28.9) | 105 (5.2) | |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 92.0 (11.1) | 95.1 (14.7) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.55 (0.35) | 5.64 (0.49) | <0.001 |
| AST (SGOT), IU/L | 22.0 (11.9) | 24.8 (12.6) | <0.001 |
| ALT (SGPT), U/L | 23.0 (17.9) | 29.1 (24.5) | <0.001 |
| GGT, IU/L | 30.5 (30.6) | 45.9 (44.0) | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 110.9 (69.9) | 139.5 (79.6) | <0.001 |
| HDL‐C, mg/dL | 56.7 (14.6) | 51.9 (12.4) | <0.001 |
| LDL‐C, mg/dL | 120.8 (30.4) | 129.5 (29.5) | <0.001 |
| Uric acid, mg/dL | 5.4 (1.3) | 6.0 (1.2) | <0.001 |
| hsCRP, mg/L | 0.09 (0.28) | 0.11 (0.29) | <0.001 |
| Insulin, IU/mL | 5.31 (3.06) | 5.94 (3.61) | <0.001 |
| HOMA‐IR | 1.23 (0.79) | 1.42 (0.99) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.1 (2.8) | 24.7 (2.7) | <0.001 |
| Waist, cm | 81.4 (8.4) | 86.1 (7.5) | <0.001 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 105.1 (9.0) | 112.3 (6.9) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 67.0 (6.3) | 72.7 (4.8) | <0.001 |
| Education level | |||
| ≥College graduate | 7246 (86.6) | 1717 (85.8) | 0.02 |
| ≤High school | 774 (9.2) | 174 (8.7) | |
| Unknown | 340 (4.0) | 109 (5.4) | |
| Smoking status | |||
| Never/former smoker | 5858 (70.1) | 1188 (59.4) | <0.001 |
| Current smoker | 2338 (28.0) | 787 (39.3) | |
| Unknown | 164 (2.0) | 25 (1.2) | |
| Alcohol, g/day | 3.0 (7.0–18.0) | 6.0 (14.0–34.0) | <0.001 |
| Vigorous exercise frequency | |||
| <1 time/wk | 5163 (61.7) | 1108 (55.4) | <0.001 |
| ≥1 time/wk | 3117 (37.2) | 869 (43.4) | |
| Unknown | 80 (0.9) | 23 (1.1) | |
Data are presented as n (%) or mean±SD or median (interquartile range). ALT indicates alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; GGT, gamma glutamyl transferase; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA‐IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; hsCRP, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; SGOT, serum glutamic‐oxaloacetic transaminase; SGPT, serum glutamate‐pyruvate transaminase.