TABLE I:

Feature comparison between layout patterns

	Flow Shop (Product)	Batch	Job Shop (Process)
Production Spec.	Standardized parts	A group of work pieces in the same design (a batch)	Customized
Volume per order	High	Low per batch, multiple batch orders	Low
Diversity of jobs	Usually of the same type in new orders (quantitative increase)	Selected options for a new batch order	Unique per piece
Production cost per unit	Low	High	Highest
Machine arrangements [43]	Line-up in operation sequence	Concentrating machines with the necessary tooling for a batch in a cell	Concentrating machines with the same tooling method in a cell
Operation sequence	Progressively connected	Progressively connected in a batch, multiple batches in parallel in different cells	Disconnected, multiple jobs in parallel in different cells
Production automation	High (fully automated)	Medium (automated in a batch sequence)	Low
Response to different piece production	Full pause, limited options	Treat as a new batch order	Treat as a new order
Work schedules	Predetermined, 24/7	Flexible between batches, fixed per batch	Flexible
Industrial examples	Automated assembly line (e.g., electronic manufacturing, food, packing, and refining industry)	Customization of massive production (e.g., paint and trim in car assembly lines)	Machine shops, high add-on valued production (e.g., engine/aircraft assembly)
Wireless use cases	Asset performance monitoring, safety	Localization, job verification, Internet	Human-machine interface, Internet