Table 7.
Combined Effects of Levels in Regulatory Type variables (5 × 2; 5 × 8): Mean score, standard deviation and specific effects (n = 336).
| DVs | Type of Combination in Groups (IVs) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 (n = 24) | 2 (n = 88) | 3 (n = 119) | 4 (n = 88) | 5 (n = 47) | Effects Post hoc | ||
| Configuration Group | F(8, 2500) = 187.65 (Pillay), p < 0.001, n2 = 0.423 | ||||||
| Self-Regulation | 2.65 (0.37) | 3.02 (0.42) | 3.41 (0.44) | 3.80 (0.39) | 4.23 (0.29) | F(4, 1025) = 302.61, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.541, all p < 0.001 | |
| Regulatory Teaching | 2.73 (0.32) | 3.24 (0.50) | 3.63 (0.68) | 4.03 (0.44) | 4.39 (0.29) | F(4, 1025) = 252.64, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.496, all p < 0.001 | |
| Class Achievement Emotions (CAE) | F(12, 1083) = 11.127, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.110 | ||||||
| Positive (+) | 2.83 (0.60) | 3.07 (0.59) | 3.32 (0.50) | 3.62 (0.58) | 4.04 (0.51)* | F(4, 361) = 33.378, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.270; 5,4>3>2,1, p < 0.001 | |
| Negative (–) | 2.40 (0.59) | 2.24 (0.61) | 2.08 (0.66) | 1.78 (0.44) | 1.55 (0.51)* | F(4, 361) = 17.461, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.162; 5,4 <3 <2,1, p < 0.001 | |
| F(32, 1428) = 5,483, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.109 | |||||||
| Enjoyment (+) | 2.75 (0.65) | 2.96 (0.67) | 3.20 (0.57) | 3.44 (0.66) | 3.87 (0.63)* | F(4, 361) = 21,165, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.190, 5,4>3>2,1, p < 0.001 | |
| Hope (+) | 2.83 (0.74) | 3.16 (0.63) | 3.45 (0.68) | 3.76 (0.62) | 4.21 (0.52)* | F(4, 361) = 34,882, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.278 5,4,3, 2>1, p < 0.001 | |
| Pride (+) | 2.91 (0.66) | 3.10 (0.70) | 3.32 (0.56) | 3.67 (0.65) | 4.04 (0.58)* | F(4, 361) = 25,344, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.219, 5>4,3,2>1, p < 0.001 | |
| Boredom (–) | 3.15 (0.96) | 2.54 (0.79) | 2.32 (0.16) | 2.05 (0.84) | 1.71 (0.69)* | F(4, 361) = 18,064, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.167, 1,2>3>4,5 p < 0.001 | |
| Anger (–) | 2.57 (0.79) | 2.05 (0.65) | 1.94 (0.69) | 1.64 (0.53) | 1.40 (0.51)* | F(4, 361) = 18.757, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.162, 1,2>3>4,5, p < 0.001 | |
| Anxiety (–) | 2.40 (0.62) | 2.38 (0.71) | 2.30 (0.76) | 1.99 (0.56) | 1.70 (0.62)* | F(4, 361) = 10.904, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.108, 1,2>3>4,5, p < 0.001 | |
| Shame (–) | 2.37 (0.75) | 2.57 (0.93) | 2.24 (0.85) | 1.97 (0.70) | 1.76 (0.69)* | F(4, 361) = 10.063, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.100, 1,2>3>4,5, p < 0.001 | |
| Hopelessness (–) | 2.27 (0.74) | 1.98 (0.65) | 1.83 (0.69) | 1.52 (0.44) | 1.33 (0.57)* | F(4, 361) = 16.097, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.151, 1,2>3>4,5, p < 0.001 | |
| Learning Achievement Emotions (LAE) | F(8, 704) = 16.283, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.156 | ||||||
| Positive (+) | 2.92 (0.77) | 3.37 (0.62) | 3.53 (0.54) | 3.89 (0.54) | 4.23 (0.48)* | F(4, 352) = 10.327, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.266; 5>4>3,2>1, p < 0.001 | |
| Negative (–) | 2.61 (0.83) | 2.49 (0.66) | 2.24 (0.65) | 1.91 (0.51) | 1.64 (0.54)* | F(4, 361) = 8.209, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.190; 5,4>3>2,1, p < 0.001 | |
| F(32, 1392) = 4,292, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.090 | |||||||
| Enjoyment (+) | 2.93 (0.55) | 3.26 (0.59) | 3.40 (0.59) | 3.68 (0.59) | 4.02 (0.47)* | F(4, 352) = 22.131, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.202, 5,4>3,2>1, p < 0.001 | |
| Hope (+) | 2.78 (0.73) | 3.36 (0.74) | 3.52 (0.62) | 3.96 (0.60) | 4.27 (0.66)* | F(4, 352) = 30,794, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.259, 5,4>3,2>1, p < 0.001 | |
| Pride (+) | 3.02 (0.77) | 3.48 (0.69) | 3.66 (0.65) | 4.00 (0.61) | 4.30 (0.62)* | F(4, 352) = 24,021, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.214, 5,4 >3,2>1, p < 0.001 | |
| Boredom (–) | 2.93 (0.94) | 2.62 (0.81) | 2.26 (0.80) | 1.88 (0.69) | 1.58 (0.64)* | F(4, 352) = 22.311, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.202, 1,2>3>4,5, p < 0.001 | |
| Anger (–) | 2.39 (0.89) | 2.19 (0.76) | 1.99 (0.77) | 1.73 (0.58) | 1.45 (0.76)* | F(4, 352) = 12,604, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.125, 1,2>3>4,5, p < 0.001 | |
| Anxiety (–) | 2.88 (0.62) | 2.85 (0.66) | 2.63 (0.62) | 2.45 (0.61) | 2.12 (0.69)* | F(4, 352) = 11,656, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.117, 1,2>3,4 >5, p < 0.001 | |
| Shame (–) | 2.49 (0.83) | 2.48 (0.85) | 2.21 (0.83) | 1.61 (0.93) | 1.67 (0.68)* | F(4, 352) = 11,714, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.117, 1,2>3>4,5, p < 0.001 | |
| Helplessness (–) | 2.44 (0.99) | 2.29 (0.86) | 2.05 (0.75) | 1.63 (0.60) | 1.38 (0.62)* | F(4, 352) = 17,632, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.167, 1,2>3>4,5, p < 0.001 | |
| Learning Achievement Emotions (TAE) | F(8, 724) = 11,175, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.110 | ||||||
| Positive (+) | 2.56 (0.64) | 2.97 (0.69) | 3.19 (0.51) | 3.52 (0.58) | 3.70 (0.64)* | F(4, 362) = 22,124, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.196; 5,4>3>2,1, p < 0.001 | |
| Negative (–) | 2.74 (0.61) | 2.68 (0.60) | 2.57 (0.58) | 2.34 (0.38) | 2.24 (0.51)* | F(4, 362) = 8,259, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.084; 5,4 <3 <2,1, p < 0.001 | |
| F(32, 1432) = 3,590, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.074 | |||||||
| Enjoyment (+) | 2.53 (0.71) | 2.88 (0.72) | 3.09 (0.56) | 3.34 (0.68) | 3.52 (0.63)* | F(4, 362) = 13.866, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.133, 5,4>3>2,1, p < 0.001 | |
| Hope (+) | 2.58 (0.69) | 2.96 (0.78) | 3.26 (0.59) | 3.63 (0.67) | 3.85 (0.76)* | F(4, 362) = 23.574, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.207, 5,4>3>2>, p < 0.001 | |
| Pride (+) | 2.58 (0.68) | 3.08 (0.73) | 3.23 (0.58) | 3.59 (0.52) | 3.75 (0.71)* | F(4, 362) = 18.643, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.171, 5,4>3>2,1, p < 0.001 | |
| Relief (–) | 3.15 (0.82) | 3.57 (0.74) | 3.57 (0.80) | 3.77 (0.82) | 3.68 (0.78)* | F(4, 362) = 2.736, p < 0.05, n2 = 0.029, 1>4,5 p < 0.05 | |
| Anger (–) | 2.54 (0.64) | 2.36 (0.64) | 2.25 (0.71) | 1.95 (0.58) | 1.79 (0.58)* | F(4, 362) = 10.643, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.105, 1,2>3>4,5, p < 0.001 | |
| Anxiety (–) | 3.15 (0.80) | 3.16 (0.90) | 2.98 (0.86) | 2.76 (0.78) | 2.57 (0.82)* | F(4, 362) = 5.130, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.054, 1,2>3>4,5, p < 0.001 | |
| Shame (–) | 2.30 (0.86) | 2.11 (0.89) | 1.94 (0.80) | 1.60 (0.59) | 1.52 (0.68)* | F(4, 362) = 7.778, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.079, 1,2>3>4,5, p < 0.001 | |
| Helplessness (–) | 2.55 (0.76) | 2.22 (0.88) | 2.11 (0.80) | 1.62 (0.61) | 1.52 (0.51)* | F(4, 361) = 13.824, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.133, 1,2>3>4,5, p < 0.001 | |
| F(8, 1816) = 30.135 p < 0.001, n2 = 0.130 | |||||||
| Engagement (+) | 2.84 (0.62) | 3.18 (0.63) | 3.42 (0.47) | 3.64 (0.59) | 4.04 (0.51)* | F(4, 908) = 61.006 p < 0.001, n2 = 0.212, 5>4>3>2>1 p < 0.001 | |
| Burnout (–) | 2.83 (0.55) | 2.49 (0.67) | 2.26 (0.43) | 2.00 (0.50) | 1.74 (0.47)* | F(4, 908) = 60.421 p < 0.001, n2 = 0.210, 5 <4 <3 <2 <1 p < 0.001 | |
| F(24, 3624) = 13.425, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.082 | |||||||
| Vigor (+) | 2.55 (0.70) | 2.89 (0.70) | 3.21 (0.68) | 3.46 (0.71) | 3.87 (0.61)* | F(4, 908) = 58.317, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.204, 1,2 <3 <4,5, p < 0.001 | |
| Dedication (+) | 3.18 (0.70) | 3.68 (0.76) | 3.82 (0.68) | 4.02 (0.61) | 4.26 (0.61)* | F(4, 908) = 36.020, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.137, 1,2 <3 <4,5, p < 0.001 | |
| Absorption(+) | 2.79 (0.87) | 2.96 (0.80) | 3.24 (0.78) | 3.45 (0.79) | 3.87 (0.70)* | F(4, 908) = 33.448, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.129, 1,2 <3 <4,5, p < 0.001 | |
| Depletion (–) | 3.13 (0.72) | 2.78 (0.87) | 2.60 (0.76) | 2.30 (0.76) | 2.07 (0.75)* | F(4, 908) = 20.831, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.113, 1,2>3>4,5, p < 0.001 | |
| Cynism (–) | 2.62 (0.84) | 2.35 (0.97) | 2.09 (0.80) | 1.83 (0.71) | 1.59 (0.80)* | F(4, 908) = 27.498, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.108, 1,2>3>4,5, p < 0.001 | |
| Lack of effect (–) | 2.75 (0.59) | 2.33 (0.55) | 2.11 (0.50) | 1.87 (0.45) | 1.56 (0.40)* | F(4, 908) = 80.415, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.262, 1,2>3>4,5, p < 0.001 | |
Type 1 (Low Self-Regulation, and Low Regulatory Teaching); Type 2 (Low Self-Regulation and High Regulatory Teaching); Type 3 (Medium Self-Regulation and Medium Regulatory Teaching); Type 4 (High Self-Regulation and Low Regulatory Teaching); Type 5 (High Self-Regulation and High Regulatory Teaching). For more information, see Table 6.