Fig. 5.

Comparison of hEPO protein levels in murine blood and organs. The ability of mc3-EVs and MC3-LNPs to produce hEPO protein upon injection of equal doses of hEPO mRNA (1.5 µg) into mice was compared. In most organs, the amount of hEPO protein was comparable between LNPs and EVs except for the spleen, which showed a significant difference in protein production followed by the heart (less significant difference). The most significant difference was observed in the plasma levels of hEPO protein, which were considerably higher for MC3-LNPs than for mc3-EVs. Data are presented as the mean (bars) and standard deviation (SD) n = 4 independent animals at each time point except for LNPs and EVs at 5 h for plasma analysis (n = 8). EV and LNP groups were compared for each organ or plasma at each time point using the unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file