Fig. 3.

Induction of stratification in the AFE by modulating FGF signaling. a hiPSC were differentiated into the DE and AFE. AFE-derived cell cultures were then treated with various concentrations of fibroblasts growth factors (FGF2, FGF7, and FGF10) to derive VBP (groups 1–4). b Comparison in expression of SHH, Cytokeratin 8, and stratified cell markers p63, Cytokeratin 5, 14, and 13 between experimental groups and AFE cells that were collected at day 8 of differentiation and received no treatment. Error bars represent ± standard error of the mean, n = 3 per group. We used one-way ANOVA to assess statistical significance for tested genes. All of the p-values for tested genes are below the threshold p-value < 0.05 indicating that expression levels of tested genes in FGFs treated groups significantly differed from the expression levels in AFE controls. ACTA Activin A, AFE anterior foregut endoderm, DE definitive endoderm, hiPSC human induced pluripotent stem cells, NG noggin, SB SB-431542, VBP vocal fold basal progenitors. Source data provided as a Source Data file